Suraj Kumar

The principle of management refers to the fundamental guidelines or rules that help managers make decisions and carry out actions to achieve organizational goals. These principles are designed to ensure effective and efficient management. Some widely recognized principles of management, primarily introduced by Henri Fayol, include:

1. Division of Work: Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.

2. **Authority and Responsibility**: Managers must have the authority to give orders and the responsibility to ensure that tasks are accomplished.

3. Discipline: Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.

4. **Unity of Command**: Every employee should receive orders from only one superior.

5. Unity of Direction: The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.

6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest: The interests of one employee or group should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.

7. Remuneration: Workers must be paid fairly for their services.

8. Centralization: The degree to which decision-making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.

9. Scalar Chain: The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks is the scalar chain.

10. Order: People and materials should be in the right place at the right time.

11. Equity: Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: High employee turnover is inefficient. Stability promotes loyalty and efficiency.

13. Initiative: Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.

14. Esprit de Corps: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.

These principles provide a framework for management practices and help managers plan, organize, lead, and control organizational resources.