Nivedita T.

The dramatic expansion of agriculture was made possible by new technology. This meant many new changes as follows:

(i) The open field disappeared. The increase in food production was not only possible by radical innovation in agricultural technology, it also needed new lands under cultivation.

(ii) The richer farmers expanded grain production, sold this grain in the world market, made profits and became powerful.

(iii) Modern technology and enclosure displaced the poor from the land. The poor found that their customary rights were gradually disappearing. Deprived of their rights they moved in search of jobs.

(iv) The poor left their village. They went to countries or cities where job was available, but jobs became insecure. They lived in fear of the loss of their livelihood. Thus, we can conclude that the introduction of modern agriculture meant many different changes.

(i) The constitution prohibits "traffic in human beings" i.e. selling and buying of human beings.

(ii) It also prohibits forced labour or begar in any form.

(iii)The constitution also prohibits child labour. No one can employ a child below the age of fourteen to work in a factory, mine or any hazardous work.

Cricket become popular in India and the West Indies because:

(i) Both India and the West Indies were a part of British colonial empire.

(ii) It was made popular in these regions by the white settlers and local elites.

(iii) The local elites wanted to copy the habits of their colonial masters. It was looked upon as a sign of superior social and racial status.

(iv) In West Indies success at cricket became a measure of racial equality and political progress. Example: When in 1950 West Indies won its first series against England, it was celebrated as a National achievement.

Cricket did not become popular in the countries in South America because:

(i) South American countries were not under the British but American, Spanish and Portuguese influence.

(ii) Unlike other games like football and hockey cricket remained a British colonial game.

(iii) The pre-industrial oddness of cricket made it a hard game to export. Therefore it took root only in countries that the British conquered and ruled.