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Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): The primary task is to develop a sense of trust in oneself and others, particularly caregivers.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddlerhood): Children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy while learning to navigate limits set by caregivers.
Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): Children explore their environment and start to take initiative in play and decision-making, balancing the need for independence with an understanding of responsibility.
Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): Children develop a sense of competence through mastering new skills and receiving recognition for their achievements, fostering a positive self-concept.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Adolescents explore their identity, including their values, beliefs, and aspirations, while also seeking to establish a sense of belonging and purpose.
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood): Young adults form strong relationships with others, developing the capacity for love, commitment, and cooperation.
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Adults contribute to society through work, family, and community involvement, finding meaning and fulfilment in their roles.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood): Older adults reflect on their lives, finding a sense of satisfaction and acceptance or experiencing regret and despair over missed opportunities and unfulfilled goals.
The 8 stages of personality development, according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, include Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Ego Integrity vs. Despair. These stages represent critical milestones in an individual's lifelong journey of psychological growth and identity formation.
Stage 1 Infancy. Trust.vs Mistrust
Stage 2 Early childhood. Autonomy vs Shame & doubt
Stage 3 Preschool. Initiative vs Guilt
Stage 4 School Age. Industry vs Inferiority
Stage 5 Adolescence. Identity vs role confusion
Stage 6 Young Adulthood. Intimacy vs Isolation
Stage 7 Middle Adulthood. Generativity vs stagnation
Stage 8 Maturity. Ego Integrity vs Life Despair
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