Explain the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions.

Title: Exceptional Mastery in Java with UrbanPro.com's AP Coaching

Introduction

As a dedicated tutor on UrbanPro.com, specializing in Advanced Placement (AP) coaching, I elucidate the distinctions between checked and unchecked exceptions in Java, vital for AP students.

Checked Exceptions

1. Definition

   • Compile-Time Verification: Checked exceptions are known to the compiler and must be handled using try-catch or declared in the method signature.
   • Examples: IOException, SQLException.

2. Handling Requirement

   • Mandatory Handling: Compiler enforces handling through try-catch or throws declaration.
   • Preventive Measure: Promotes robust error-handling strategies.

Unchecked Exceptions

1. Definition

   • Runtime Occurrence: Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile time and typically arise during program execution.
   • Examples: NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

2. Handling Approach

   • Optional Handling: Not mandatory to handle unchecked exceptions, but best practice for robust programs.
   • Runtime Impact: Unhandled unchecked exceptions lead to runtime errors and program termination.

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Conclusion

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