Bishal Das

The principles of management are fundamental guidelines for the practice of management. They help managers achieve organizational goals and facilitate smooth operation within the business. Some widely recognized principles include:

1. Division of Work: Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.
2. Authority and Responsibility: Managers must have the authority to give orders and the responsibility to ensure that they are followed.
3. Discipline: Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.
4. Unity of Command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior to avoid conflicts.
5. Unity of Direction: All activities should be directed towards the same objectives.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to General Interests: The interests of one employee or group should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.
7. Remuneration: Employees should be fairly compensated for their services.
8. Centralization: The degree of centralization or decentralization should be balanced and depend on the specific situation and organization.
9. Scalar Chain: A clear line of authority should run from top management to the lowest ranks.
10. Order: The workplace, materials, and employees should be in the right place at the right time.
11. Equity: Managers should treat employees with kindness and justice.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: High employee turnover is inefficient; therefore, management should provide stable employment.
13. Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative within their roles.
14. Esprit de Corps: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.

These principles were introduced by Henri Fayol, a French mining engineer, and are still relevant in modern management practices.