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Explain the composition, original and appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court of India.

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Composition of SC of India- The Indian constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India constituting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges. The constitution was amended subsequently...
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Composition of SC of India- 

The Indian constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India constituting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges. The constitution was amended subsequently a number of times. At presen the total maximum strength is 34.

Original jurisdiction of a court refers to a matter for which the particular court is approached first. In the case of the Supreme Court in India, its original jurisdiction is covered under Article 131. It involves the following cases:

  1. Any dispute between the Indian Government and one or more States.
  2. Any dispute between the Indian Government and one or more States on one side and one or more States on the other side.
  3. Any dispute between two or more States.
  4. Article 32 of the Constitution provides original jurisdiction to the SC for matters regarding the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Appellate Jurisdiction

  • The Supreme Court is primarily a court of appeal and hears appeals against the judgements of the lower courts. It enjoys a wide appellate jurisdiction which can be classified under four heads:
    • Appeals in constitutional matters
    • Appeals in civil matters
    • Appeals in criminal matters
    • Appeals by special leave
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