Abhishekh Shukla

The principles of management are fundamental guidelines for the decisions and actions of managers. They are derived from the practice and theories of management experts. Some widely recognized principles of management include:

1. **Division of Work**: Specialization allows the workforce to become more efficient.
2. **Authority and Responsibility**: Managers must have the authority to give orders and the responsibility to ensure that work is done.
3. **Discipline**: Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.
4. **Unity of Command**: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
5. **Unity of Direction**: Teams with the same objective should be working under the direction of one manager using one plan.
6. **Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest**: The interests of the organization as a whole should take precedence over individual interests.
7. **Remuneration**: Workers must be fairly compensated for their services.
8. **Centralization**: The degree to which decision-making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.
9. **Scalar Chain**: A clear line of authority in the organization from top to bottom.
10. **Order**: There should be a place for everything and everyone, and everything and everyone should be in their place.
11. **Equity**: Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.
12. **Stability of Tenure of Personnel**: Long-term employment is important for the development of skills and loyalty.
13. **Initiative**: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative within the bounds of authority.
14. **Esprit de Corps**: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.

These principles were initially articulated by Henri Fayol and continue to be a foundational aspect of management theory and practice.