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Certain types of words fall into categories called parts of speech which share common behaviours such as affixes or word orders. For instance, only nouns can take the derivational suffix –ment and only verbs can take inflection {present tense}. Prepositions can’t take inflectional suffixes and they can only go before nouns, not after them. In general, certain parts of speech are either form-class words or structure-class words. When we identify the part of speech of a word by its morphological make up (base and/or affixes), we are identifying it by its form. When we identify the part of speech by its relation to other words, we are identifying it by its function. Hence, to use the examples just mentioned, we can prove that the word government is a noun both because it contains the suffix –ment, which is normally associated with nouns and because it occurs in the sequence the government, rather than the other way around.
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The word "hello" is often considered an interjection or an informal greeting rather than fitting neatly into traditional English parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Interjections are words or phrases used to express emotion, hesitation, or surprise, and they don't typically fit into the traditional grammatical categories.
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