0Interjection
is a word which expresses some sudden feeling. For example: Hurrah! Alas! Dear me! Oh! Ah! Hush! Bravo! Ah me! Hello! For shame! Well done!
1. Alas! He is dead.
2. Hurrah! We have won the football match.
3. Oh! I have got a toothache.
4. Hush! Don’t make a noise.
5. Dear me! What a lovely scene it is.
6. Hello! What are you doing there?
7. Bravo! You have done well in the examination.
Conjunction - A conjunction is a word which joins two words or sentences. For example: and, but, because, or. Pair conjunction: either/or both/and neither/nor though/yet whether/or not only/but also. 1. Ronny and Harry are brothers.
2. Two and two make four.
3. He ran fast but missed the bus.
4. We must do or die.
5. He went to the doctor because he was sick.
6. Either take it or leave it.
7. It is neither useful nor ornamental.
8. We both love and honour him.
9. Though he is suffering much pain, yet he does not complain.
10. I do not care whether you go or stay.
11. Not only is he foolish, but also obstinate.
Preposition - A preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else. Typically, a preposition comes before a noun phrase, noun, or pronoun.
For example: at, by, for, in, of, off, on, out, though, till, to, up with, about, above, across, along, amidst, among, amongst, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath, within, without.
1. The shoes are under the bed.
2. The cat is jumping over the wall.
3. The lips are beneath the nose.
4. The teacher is standing in front of the class.
5. The passengers are cautioned against pick-pockets.
6. I shall do it with pleasure.
7. Tears ran down her cheeks.
8. Smoking is injurious to health.
9. He is fond of music.
10.It has been raining since yesterday.
The use of the preposition AT The preposition at is used:
1. With specific times
2. With meal times
3. With names of festivals
4. With the “the beginning” and “the end” of periods of times
5. With “night”
6. With “any time”
7. With “any moment”
Times
1. He started his work at 10 o’clock
. 2. They are leaving at 6 o’clock.
3. The girls have their dinner at night.
4. He goes to be at 10 o’clock.
Meal Times
1. This restaurant is always crowded at meal times. 2. Yesterday I met Rita at lunch time.
3. Charlie is coming to see me today at dinner time. 4. I get a call from my boss at breakfast time. With names of festivals
1. I attend a lot of parties at Christmas.
2. We wear new clothes and light fireworks at Diwali. With “the beginning” and “the end” of periods of time 1. They are coming to London at the end of the winter.
2. Why are you knitting a cardigan at the beginning of summer?
3. I bought a raincoat at the beginning of the monsoon.
4. They get their salary at the end of the month. With “night” 1. I don’t like studying alone at night.
2. He often works quite late at night.
3. She usually sleeps very late at night.
4. They usually call for dinner at night. With “once”
1. Seeing the policeman, the thief ran away at once. 2. As the principal walked into the class, the children became quiet at once.
3. When threatened, the tenant paid the rent at once. 4. Boys, please put your toys away at once. With “any time”
1. The sky is very cloudy. It could rain at any time. 2. It is 6 o’clock; my father will come at any time. 3. The train will leave at any time. With “any moment”
1. I must get my school bag ready; my school bus will arrive at any moment.
2. Please keep the phone down, my call will come at any moment. The use of the preposition ''on''
1. With specific days.
2. With specific dates.
3. With the expression “Specific Occasion” Specific Days
1. I like to sleep on Sundays.
2. The supermarket is closed on Thursday.
3. I will meet him on Sunday.
4. My sister was born on Christmas Day. 5. We all went for a picnic on New Year’s Day. With the expression “special occasions’
1. We make sweets on special occasions.
2. Most of our friends get together on special occasions.
3. I wear ornaments on special occasions.
4. She puts on make up on special occasions. The use of the preposition ''in'' The preposition ‘in’ is used: 1. With years
2. With months
3. With “the week of”
4. With seasons
5. With “the middle of”
6. With parts of days (morning, evening, afternoon) With “years” 1. India got its Independence in 1947.
2. My grandfather was born in 1936.
3. Miss Betty went to Hong Kong in 1987.
4. The factory was set up in 1906. With “months”
1. The marriage is going to take place in November. 2. The admissions in London schools start in June. 3. The climate is very cold in Scotland in December. 4. The next football match is going to be held in February. With “week of”
1. I am leaving for America in the second week of March.
2. We came back from Brazil in the first week of July. 3. Most people get their salary in the last week of the month.
4. Badminton usually starts in this club in the last week of October. With seasons
1. We play badminton in winter.
2. We have a lot of cool drinks in summer.
3. We had gone on a tour in spring.
4. We carry umbrellas in monsoon. With “the middle of”
1. He was in the middle of the meeting when I called him.
2. We will go for shopping in the middle of the week. 3. Ron is going to Denmark in the middle of July.
4. He left the job in the middle of the year. With periods of time
1. She finished writing in two hours.
2. We will finish our work in four hours.
3. The plane will reach Bangkok in three hours.
4. He will be discharged from the hospital in ten days. The Preposition “to” and “from” in relation to direction When expressing the act of movement, we frequently use the following verbs:
1. To go
2. To come
3. To fly
4. To run
5. To move
6. To walk We often wish to indicate where this movement leads or takes us and in such cases our verbs should be followed by the preposition to.
1. We went to a party last week.
2. He goes to church on Sunday mornings.
3. They’ll go to the cinema next week.
4. She came to the school to pay her fees.
5. My friend comes to London once a month.
6. Will they come to my house?
7. I ran to the bus stop this morning.
8. She’ll walk to her friend’s house if the buses are too crowded.
9. Mrs Miller walked to the park this morning.
10. The students ran to the shop at lunch time.
11. Please run to the tailor and retrieve my clothes. 12. She’ll fly to Atlanta if her booking is confirmed. 13. He gets up late and runs to work every day.
14. The team flew to Australia on Sunday.
15. Why do you want to go there?
16. We’ll move to our new office next month.
17. I’ll rush to the store before it shuts down.
18. The family went to Africa for their vacation.
19. If you speak to the principal you might get admission.
20. When will you go to meet your auntie?
When these verbs are followed by: home, abroad and overseas the preposition to, is omitted.
1. My son’s friends went home at half past nine.
2. My sister comes home for lunch at one o’clock.
3. Sam will go overseas next month.
4. If I miss the last bus, I’ll walk home.
5. I rushed out when I realised I had left my umbrella. 6. She ran home when she heard her mother was ill.
In these sentences, we are indicating the destination which completes the movements. If we wish to indicate where the movement begins we use the preposition ‘from’.
1. The boys went to the zoo from school.
2. They went home from the factory.
3. She came to London from Brazil last Sunday.
4. I will come to the party straight from the office.
5. It was raining heavily, so the boys ran from the bus stop to the shed.
6. Will you get me some sugar from the shop?
7. Will it be difficult for you to take down the box from the van?
8. Are you going home from the party?
9. As soon as I find a suitable flat, I’ll move out from my parents' house.
10. Charlie drove to the restaurant straight from the airport.
