0Meaningful combination of words is called a sentence.
Example: The train is late.
Notes:
- It starts with a capital letter.
- It should have a subject and a verb.
- The words should be in proper order.
- Statement (Assertive)
- A statement is a sentence that explains or tells what someone or something is or does.
Example: My mother likes Vanilla ice-cream.
- Question (Interrogative)
A question is a sentence that asks something. It ends with a question mark (?)
Example: What is your name?
- Emotion (Exclamatory)
An exclamation is a sentence that shows strong feelings, such as surprise, excitement or fear. It ends with an exclamation mark or a full stop.
Example: Hurray! I came first.
- Command
A command is a sentence that tells someone to do something.
Example: Leave the room.
Subject
- About whom or what we talk.
Example: He is a boy.
- Doer: Somebody who performs the action
Example: I am playing.
- Receiver: Someone who receives the action
Example: The snake was killed by Ram.
- Introductory/Preparatory: it introduces the subject.
There is a hotel.
A subject can be singular or plural, it can be a male or a female, and it can be a living or a non-living thing.
|
| Singular | Plural |
| First Person | I | We |
| Second Person | You | You |
| Third Person | He, She, It, any name | They |
Gender
He: Male / She: Female / It: Non-living things, animals
Verb
It is of two types.
- Helping Verb
- It acts as a main verb in simple sentences. Example: He is a student.
- It helps the main verb. Example: I am going to school.
It is of two types.
- To be: It signifies the sense of being.
- To have: It signifies the sense of possession.
We make sentences in three time zones.
| Time | To be | To have |
| Present | Is/am/are | Has/have |
| Past | Was/were | Had |
| Future | Will be | Will have |
Structure
Present
To be: Subject + is/am/are + Object. Example: I am a boy.
To have: Subject + has/have + Object. Example: I have a pen.
| Subject | To be | To have |
| I | am | Have |
| We | are | Have |
| You | are | Have |
| He, She, It, any name | is | Has |
| They | are | Have |
Past
To be: Subject + was/were + Object. Example: I was a student.
To have: Subject + had + Object. Example: Ram had a big house.
| Subject | To be | To have |
| I | was | Had |
| We | were | Had |
| You | were | Had |
| He, She, It, any name | was | Had |
| They | were | Had |
Future
To be: Subject + will be + Object. Example: I will be your neighbour.
To have: Subject + will have + Object. Example: Sujata will have a big house.
| Subject | To be | To have |
| I | Will be | Will have |
| We | Will be | Will have |
| You | Will be | Will have |
| He, She, It, any name | Will be | Will have |
| They | Will be | Will have |
- Main Verb
It denotes action. It has five forms.
| V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 |
| eat | ate | eaten | eating | Eats |
| go | went | gone | going | Goes |
Present
| Subject | Verb |
| I | Eat |
| We | Eat |
| You | Eat |
| He, She, It, any name | Eats |
| They | eat |
Subject + V1 / V5 + Object
Past
| Subject | Verb |
| I | Ate |
| We | Ate |
| You | Ate |
| He, She, It, any name | Ate |
| They | Ate |
Subject + V2 + Object
Future
| Subject | Verb |
| I | Will eat |
| We | Will eat |
| You | Will eat |
| He, She, It, any name | Will eat |
| They | Will eat |
Subject + will + V1 + Object
When we use the main verb with helping verb
|
| To be | To have |
| Present | S +is/am/are +v4 +object | S + has/have + v3+object |
|
| I am eating a mango. | I have eaten a mango. |
| Past | S + was/were + v4+object | S + had + v3 + object |
|
| I was eating a mango. | I had eaten a mango. |
| Future | S + will be + v4 + object | S + will have + v3 +object |
|
| I will be eating a mango. | I will have eaten a mango. |
Causative Verb
Structure: Subject + Causative Verb + Person
When the work is not done by the subject but the subject makes the other person do the work causative verb is used.
- Let: Allow someone to do something
Example: Let us go.
- Make: Force someone to do something
Example: I made him do his homework.
- Get: To get work done
Example: He got me in trouble.
- Have: To get a responsibility done
Example: He had his house painted.
