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When amber is rubbed with fur, it develops a static charge through a process called triboelectric charging or triboelectric effect. This occurs because amber has a higher affinity for electrons compared to the fur.
Here's what happens step by step:
Contact: When amber and fur are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from the fur to the amber. This leaves the fur positively charged because it has lost electrons, and the amber negatively charged because it has gained electrons.
Separation: As the rubbing continues, the surfaces of both the amber and the fur become charged. The triboelectric effect causes the two materials to attract each other due to their opposite charges.
Static Charge: After rubbing, the amber and fur are left with static charges. The amber carries a negative charge, while the fur carries a positive charge.
Effect: This static charge can cause the amber and fur to stick together temporarily, or it can cause small objects, such as bits of paper or dust, to be attracted to the charged surfaces.
This phenomenon was observed by the ancient Greeks and is the origin of the word "electricity," which is derived from the Greek word "elektron," meaning amber. Amber's ability to develop static charge through rubbing with fur is one of the earliest documented examples of electricity generation.
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