What are the basics of Selenium testing?

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Basics of Selenium Testing

1. Understanding Selenium

• Definition:
  • Selenium is an open-source automation testing framework used for testing web applications.
  • It supports multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and more.

2. Key Components of Selenium

• Selenium WebDriver:

  • WebDriver is the core component for browser automation, providing a programming interface for interacting with web elements.

• Selenium IDE:

  • Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a browser extension for record and playback of test scripts.

• Selenium Grid:

  • Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of tests on multiple machines and browsers, facilitating scalability.

3. Setting Up Selenium Environment

• Selecting a Programming Language:

  • Choose a programming language compatible with Selenium, such as Java, Python, or others.

• Installing a Browser Driver:

  • Download and configure the appropriate browser driver (e.g., ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver) for the chosen web browser.

• Configuring an Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

  • Set up an IDE like Eclipse or IntelliJ for writing and executing Selenium test scripts.

4. Locators in Selenium

• ID, Name, Class Name:

  • These are common locators used to identify HTML elements on a webpage.

• XPath and CSS Selector:

  • XPath and CSS Selector are powerful locators for navigating the HTML structure to locate elements.

5. Basic Selenium Commands

• Navigation Commands:

  • get(): Opens a specified URL.
  • navigate().to(): Navigates to a specified URL.
  • navigate().back(), navigate().forward(): Performs browser navigation.

• Element Interactions:

  • click(): Clicks on an element.
  • sendKeys(): Types text into input fields.
  • submit(): Submits a form.

6. Synchronization in Selenium

• Implicit Wait:

  • Instructs the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception.

• Explicit Wait:

  • Delays execution until a specific condition is met.

7. Handling Alerts and Pop-Ups

• alert():
  • Switches focus to an alert pop-up.
  • Methods like accept(), dismiss(), and getText() can be used to interact with alerts.

8. Basic Test Frameworks with Selenium

• TestNG and JUnit:
  • TestNG and JUnit are popular testing frameworks that integrate seamlessly with Selenium.
  • They provide features like test parallelization, grouping, and reporting.

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