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What difference exist between the various php class variables - Static, Public, Private and Protected?

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As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com specializing in PHP Training, let's delve into the differences between various PHP class variables, namely Static, Public, Private, and Protected. 1. Static Variables: Definition: Static variables belong to the class rather than an instance of the class. Scope:...
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As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com specializing in PHP Training, let's delve into the differences between various PHP class variables, namely Static, Public, Private, and Protected.

1. Static Variables:

  • Definition: Static variables belong to the class rather than an instance of the class.
  • Scope: Accessible without creating an object of the class.
  • Usage: Commonly used for variables that need to retain their values across different instances of the class.
  • Example:
    php
  • class MyClass { public static $staticVar = 0; }

2. Public Variables:

  • Definition: Public variables can be accessed from outside the class as well as from within.
  • Scope: Accessible globally, both inside and outside the class.
  • Usage: Useful when a variable's value needs to be manipulated externally.
  • Example:
    php
  • class MyClass { public $publicVar = 0; }

3. Private Variables:

  • Definition: Private variables are only accessible within the class they are defined in.
  • Scope: Limited to the class where they are declared.
  • Usage: Ideal for encapsulating data and restricting direct access from outside the class.
  • Example:
    php
  • class MyClass { private $privateVar = 0; }

4. Protected Variables:

  • Definition: Protected variables are similar to private variables but with one key difference - they can be accessed within child classes.
  • Scope: Limited to the class where they are declared and accessible in child classes.
  • Usage: Ensures encapsulation while allowing inheritance.
  • Example:
    php
  • class ParentClass { protected $protectedVar = 0; } class ChildClass extends ParentClass { // $protectedVar is accessible here }

Summary:

  • Static: Belongs to the class, retains value across instances.
  • Public: Accessible globally, both inside and outside the class.
  • Private: Limited to the class, not accessible from outside.
  • Protected: Limited to the class and accessible in child classes.

Understanding these differences is crucial for effective PHP programming and building well-organized and secure applications. In PHP training, mastering the usage of these variables is fundamental for creating robust and scalable code.

 
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