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The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil, and it plays a crucial role in controlling the amount of light entering the eye. The primary functions of the iris are to regulate the size of the pupil and thus control the amount of light that reaches the retina.
The iris contains muscles, known as the sphincter pupillae and the dilator pupillae, which control the size of the pupil. In bright light conditions, the sphincter pupillae contract, causing the pupil to constrict and become smaller. This reduces the amount of light entering the eye, preventing the retina from being overwhelmed by excessive brightness.
Conversely, in low light conditions, the dilator pupillae contract, causing the pupil to dilate and become larger. This allows more light to enter the eye, improving visibility in dim environments. The automatic adjustment of pupil size by the iris is known as the pupillary reflex, and it helps to maintain optimal visual conditions in various lighting situations.
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