In Core Java, there are two categories of modifiers: Access Modifiers and Non-Access Modifiers.

 

Access Modifiers (4)

1. *public*: Accessible from anywhere.

2. *private*: Accessible only within the same class.

3. *protected*: Accessible within the same class and subclasses.

4. *default* (no modifier): Accessible within the same package.

 

Non-Access Modifiers (6)

1. *static*: Belongs to the class, rather than an instance.

2. *final*: Cannot be modified or overridden.

3. *abstract*: Declares a method or class that must be implemented or extended.

4. *synchronized*: Used for thread synchronization.

5. *volatile*: Indicates that a variable may change asynchronously.

6. *transient*: Excludes a variable from serialization.

 

In total, there are 10 modifiers defined in Core Java: 4 Access Modifiers and 6 Non-Access Modifiers.

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For B.Tech students, I'd recommend the following books for learning Core Java: Top Recommendations 1. *"Head First Java" by Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates*: This book is an excellent choice for beginners, with a visually engaging and easy-to-understand approach. 2. *"Java: A Beginner's Guide" by Herbert Schildt*: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Java, covering the basics, syntax, and core libraries. 3. *"Core Java Volume I - Fundamentals" by Cay S. Horstmann*: This book is a thorough and well-structured resource that covers the fundamentals of Java, including syntax, data types, operators, and object-oriented programming. Other Notable Books 1. *"Java: The Complete Reference" by Herbert Schildt*: A comprehensive reference book that covers all aspects of Java programming. 2. *"Thinking in Java" by Bruce Eckel*: A detailed and insightful book that focuses on the concepts and principles of Java programming. 3. *"Java Programming" by Y. Daniel Liang*: A concise and accessible book that covers the basics of Java programming. Tips for Choosing a Book 1. *Check the book's level*: Ensure the book is suitable for your skill level, whether you're a beginner or intermediate learner. 2. *Look for reviews and ratings*: Check online reviews and ratings to get an idea of the book's quality and effectiveness. 3. *Consider the book's focus*: Choose a book that focuses on the specific areas of Java you want to learn, such as Core Java, Java EE, or Android development. Remember, practice is key to learning Java. Supplement your book with online resources, such as tutorials, videos, and coding challenges, to reinforce your understanding and gain practical experience. read less

After learning Core Java, you can: 1. Learn Advanced Java (Servlets, JSP, JDBC). 2. Explore Frameworks like Spring, Hibernate. 3. Study Web Development (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Java-based frameworks). 4. Learn Android Development (for mobile apps). 5. Explore Big Data technologies (Hadoop, Spark). 6. Practice with Data Structures and Algorithms. read less

Core Java Topics: 1. Basic Concepts Java Syntax Data Types Variables Operators Control Flow Statements 2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Classes and Objects Constructors Inheritance Polymorphism Encapsulation Abstraction 3. Java Classes and Methods Static vs Non-static members Method Overloading and Overriding 4. Exception Handling Try-Catch-Finally Custom Exceptions Throw and Throws 5. Java Collections Framework List, Set, Map, Queue Iterators 6. Multithreading Threads and Runnable Synchronization Thread Lifecycle 7. File I/O InputStream, OutputStream Reader, Writer File Handling 8. Java 8 Features Lambda Expressions Streams API Functional Interfaces 9. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Connecting to Databases CRUD Operations PreparedStatement, Statement Advanced Java Topics: 1. Java EE (Enterprise Edition) Servlets JSP (Java Server Pages) EJB (Enterprise Java Beans) JMS (Java Messaging Service) JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface) 2. Spring Framework Spring Core Spring MVC Spring Boot Spring Data 3. Hibernate ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) Hibernate Query Language (HQL) Criteria API 4. Web Services RESTful Web Services SOAP Web Services JSON, XML parsing 5. Design Patterns Singleton, Factory, Observer, Strategy, etc. 6. JavaFX GUI Development for Desktop Applications 7. Java Security Authentication Authorization Cryptography 8. Messaging and Concurrency JMS (Java Message Service) Executor Framework 9. Distributed Systems RMI (Remote Method Invocation) Sockets and Networking 10. J2EE Technologies (EJB, JPA, JAX-RS, etc.) read less

Java refers to the entire language and platform, including its libraries, frameworks, and various editions (like Java SE, EE, and ME). Core Java refers to the foundational features and basic components of Java, including: OOP concepts Data types Collections Exception handling Multithreading File I/O Core Java is a subset of Java focused on essential programming concepts. read less