In Core Java, there are two categories of modifiers: Access Modifiers and Non-Access Modifiers.

 

Access Modifiers (4)

1. *public*: Accessible from anywhere.

2. *private*: Accessible only within the same class.

3. *protected*: Accessible within the same class and subclasses.

4. *default* (no modifier): Accessible within the same package.

 

Non-Access Modifiers (6)

1. *static*: Belongs to the class, rather than an instance.

2. *final*: Cannot be modified or overridden.

3. *abstract*: Declares a method or class that must be implemented or extended.

4. *synchronized*: Used for thread synchronization.

5. *volatile*: Indicates that a variable may change asynchronously.

6. *transient*: Excludes a variable from serialization.

 

In total, there are 10 modifiers defined in Core Java: 4 Access Modifiers and 6 Non-Access Modifiers.

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For B.Tech students, I'd recommend the following books for learning Core Java: Top Recommendations 1. *"Head First Java" by Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates*: This book is an excellent choice for beginners, with a visually engaging and easy-to-understand approach. 2. *"Java: A Beginner's Guide" by Herbert Schildt*: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Java, covering the basics, syntax, and core libraries. 3. *"Core Java Volume I - Fundamentals" by Cay S. Horstmann*: This book is a thorough and well-structured resource that covers the fundamentals of Java, including syntax, data types, operators, and object-oriented programming. Other Notable Books 1. *"Java: The Complete Reference" by Herbert Schildt*: A comprehensive reference book that covers all aspects of Java programming. 2. *"Thinking in Java" by Bruce Eckel*: A detailed and insightful book that focuses on the concepts and principles of Java programming. 3. *"Java Programming" by Y. Daniel Liang*: A concise and accessible book that covers the basics of Java programming. Tips for Choosing a Book 1. *Check the book's level*: Ensure the book is suitable for your skill level, whether you're a beginner or intermediate learner. 2. *Look for reviews and ratings*: Check online reviews and ratings to get an idea of the book's quality and effectiveness. 3. *Consider the book's focus*: Choose a book that focuses on the specific areas of Java you want to learn, such as Core Java, Java EE, or Android development. Remember, practice is key to learning Java. Supplement your book with online resources, such as tutorials, videos, and coding challenges, to reinforce your understanding and gain practical experience. read less

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