What do hackers learn first?

Hackers often start by learning fundamental skills and gaining a deep understanding of computer systems, networks, and programming. Here are some key areas that individuals interested in hacking typically focus on initially:

1. Programming Languages:

   • Learning programming languages is fundamental to hacking. Languages such as Python, C, C++, Java, and scripting languages like Bash or PowerShell are commonly used by hackers for various purposes, including writing exploits, creating tools, and automating tasks.

2. Operating Systems:

   • A strong knowledge of operating systems, especially Linux and Windows, is crucial. Understanding the command line, file systems, and system administration basics helps hackers navigate and manipulate systems.

3. Networking Basics:

   • Understanding how networks function is essential. Hackers learn about protocols, network architecture, IP addressing, subnetting, and common networking tools. They also explore topics like TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP, and routing.

4. Web Technologies:

   • Web-based attacks are prevalent, so hackers often learn about web technologies, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web application frameworks. They explore how web servers operate and how to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in web applications.

5. Security Concepts:

   • Learning about security concepts is critical. This includes understanding encryption, authentication, authorization, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other security mechanisms. It also involves grasping the principles of ethical hacking and the legal and ethical considerations surrounding it.

6. Vulnerability Analysis and Exploitation:

   • Hackers study common vulnerabilities and exploits. They learn about common attack vectors, such as buffer overflows, SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and more. Understanding how vulnerabilities can be exploited helps hackers identify and fix security issues.

7. Penetration Testing:

   • Penetration testing involves simulating real-world cyber attacks to identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities. Hackers learn about various tools and techniques used in penetration testing and ethical hacking.

8. Capture The Flag (CTF) Challenges:

   • Participating in CTF challenges is a hands-on way for hackers to apply and reinforce their skills. CTFs typically involve solving puzzles, finding vulnerabilities, and exploiting systems in a controlled environment.

9. Reverse Engineering:

   • Reverse engineering involves analyzing software or hardware to understand its functionality and uncover potential vulnerabilities. Hackers may learn how to reverse engineer binaries, firmware, or protocols.

10. Ethical Hacking Certifications:

    • Obtaining certifications, such as Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP), or CompTIA Security+, can provide structured learning paths and validate a hacker's skills.

It's important to note that ethical hacking involves using these skills for legal and constructive purposes, such as securing systems and helping organizations defend against cyber threats. Unethical or malicious hacking is illegal and can lead to serious legal consequences. Ethical hackers follow a code of conduct and adhere to legal and ethical guidelines in their work.