What is the difference between a relational and non-relational database?

Difference Between Relational and Non-Relational Databases

Relational Databases:

• Structure:
  • Organized in tables with predefined columns and rows.
  • Data stored in a structured manner and related through primary and foreign keys.
• Schema and Flexibility:
  • Follows a fixed schema; changes often require altering the entire database schema.
  • Suitable for structured data and ideal for applications with predefined data models.
• SQL Queries:
  • Uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and managing data.
  • Ensures ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties for transactional support.

Non-Relational Databases:

• Structure:
  • No fixed schema; data stored in various formats like key-value pairs, document-oriented, graph-based, or wide-column stores.
  • Flexibility in accommodating unstructured or semi-structured data.
• Scalability and Performance:
  • Offers horizontal scalability and handles large volumes of data efficiently.
  • Well-suited for distributed systems and high-performance applications.
• Query Languages:
  • Uses diverse query languages based on the database type.
  • No standard query language like SQL; queries are specific to the database model.

Key Differences:

• Data Structure:
  • Relational databases organize data in tables, whereas non-relational databases have various data models.
• Schema Flexibility:
  • Relational databases have a rigid schema; non-relational databases provide schema flexibility.
• Query Language:
  • Relational databases primarily use SQL; non-relational databases employ various query languages specific to their structure.
• Scalability and Performance:
  • Non-relational databases often provide better scalability and performance for handling large and varied datasets.
• Use Cases:
  • Relational databases are well-suited for structured data in traditional applications.
  • Non-relational databases are preferred for dynamic, unstructured, or rapidly evolving data in modern applications.

Understanding the differences between relational and non-relational databases helps in choosing the right database model based on the specific needs of the application or project. For comprehensive learning on database types and their applications, UrbanPro offers courses conducted by experienced tutors in database management and development.