An astronaut inside a small spaceship orbiting around the Earth cannot detect gravity. If the space station orbiting around the Earth has a large size, can he hope to detect gravity?

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Now, onto your question about gravity detection in space:

When an astronaut is inside a small spaceship orbiting Earth, the sensation of gravity is greatly diminished due to the effects of microgravity. In such a scenario, the astronaut may not perceive the presence of gravity in the conventional sense. This is because the spaceship and everything inside it, including the astronaut, are in free fall around the Earth. Therefore, the sensation of weightlessness is experienced.

However, if we consider a larger space station orbiting Earth, the situation changes slightly. While the fundamental principles of orbital motion remain the same, the size and structure of the space station could potentially lead to subtle gravitational effects being detectable.

In a large space station, especially if it's rotating to simulate gravity through centrifugal force, astronauts may experience sensations similar to gravity. This rotation creates a simulated gravity-like effect, which could be felt by the astronauts as they move within the station.

Additionally, variations in gravitational forces across different parts of the station might be discernible, albeit very subtly, especially if the station is massive enough. These variations could potentially be detected through precise instruments or by observing the behavior of objects within the station.

In conclusion, while the sensation of gravity is greatly diminished in space, especially within a small spacecraft, the design and size of a larger space station could indeed allow astronauts to detect subtle gravitational effects, either through simulated gravity or variations across the station's structure.