In what manner is the long form of periodic table better than Mendeleev’s periodic table? Explain with examples.

The long form of the periodic table, also known as the modern periodic table, is better than Mendeleev's periodic table in several ways, primarily due to its ability to accurately represent the relationships between the properties of elements and their atomic structure. Here are some key reasons why the modern periodic table is superior to Mendeleev's periodic table:

1. Organization by Atomic Number: The modern periodic table is arranged based on the increasing atomic number of elements. This arrangement reflects the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom, which determines the chemical properties of the element. In contrast, Mendeleev's periodic table was organized primarily by atomic mass, which sometimes led to anomalies where elements did not fit into the predicted patterns.

2. Accurate Prediction of Element Properties: The modern periodic table accurately predicts the properties of elements based on their electronic configurations and atomic structure. The arrangement of elements in periods and groups reflects their similarities in chemical behavior and allows for easy identification of trends in properties such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Mendeleev's periodic table, while groundbreaking for its time, did not always accurately predict the properties of elements or account for inconsistencies in their behavior.

3. Inclusion of Noble Gases: The modern periodic table includes noble gases as a separate group, which was not present in Mendeleev's original periodic table. Noble gases have unique properties, including their inertness and full valence electron shells, which distinguish them from other elements. The inclusion of noble gases in the modern periodic table provides a more comprehensive representation of the elements and their properties.

4. Transition Metals and Inner Transition Metals: The modern periodic table effectively organizes transition metals and inner transition metals into specific regions within the table. Transition metals are placed in the d-block, while inner transition metals are located in the f-block. This organization reflects the unique electronic configurations and properties of these elements, which was not explicitly addressed in Mendeleev's periodic table.

5. Greater Detail and Information: The modern periodic table provides more detailed information about each element, including its atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, and chemical symbol. This comprehensive information allows scientists to study and understand the properties and behavior of elements in greater depth, facilitating advancements in chemistry and other scientific disciplines.

In summary, the long form of the periodic table, with its organization based on atomic number and accurate representation of element properties, provides a more systematic and comprehensive framework for understanding the relationships between elements and their behavior compared to Mendeleev's periodic table.