Identify the state functions and path functions out of the following: enthalpy, entropy, heat, temperature, work, free energy.

State functions and path functions are concepts used in thermodynamics to categorize properties and processes based on how they depend on the state of a system or the path taken during a process.

1. State Functions: State functions are properties that depend only on the current state of the system and are independent of the path taken to reach that state. They describe the equilibrium state of the system and are often denoted by uppercase letters. Examples include:

   • Enthalpy (HH): Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a system at constant pressure. It is a state function because it depends only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the path taken during the process.
   • Entropy (SS): Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. Like enthalpy, entropy is a state function because it depends only on the current state of the system, not on the process by which the system reached that state.
   • Temperature (TT): Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. It is a state function because it describes the equilibrium state of the system.
   • Free energy (GG): Free energy is a measure of the energy available to do work in a system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a state function because it depends only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the path taken during the process.

2. Path Functions: Path functions are properties that depend on the path taken during a process and not just on the initial and final states of the system. They describe the process by which the system changes from one state to another and are often denoted by lowercase letters. Examples include:

   • Heat (qq): Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between a system and its surroundings. It is a path function because the amount of heat transferred depends on the specific path taken during the process.
   • Work (ww): Work is the transfer of energy that results in a change in the state of a system. It is a path function because the amount of work done depends on the specific path taken during the process.

In summary:

• State functions: Enthalpy (HH), Entropy (SS), Temperature (TT), Free energy (GG)
• Path functions: Heat (qq), Work (ww)