7. Why did various classes and groups of Indians participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

The Civil Disobedience Movement in India, led by Mahatma Gandhi, saw participation from various classes and groups of Indians for several reasons:

1. Nationalist Aspiration: Many Indians, regardless of their social or economic status, shared a common aspiration for independence from British rule. They saw the Civil Disobedience Movement as a means to achieve this goal and participated to assert their national identity and sovereignty.

2. Economic Grievances: Economic exploitation by the British colonial administration affected various segments of Indian society differently. Peasants suffered from oppressive land revenue policies and high taxes, while workers faced poor working conditions and low wages in factories. Participating in the movement was a way for these groups to protest against economic injustices and demand reforms.

3. Social Reform: The Civil Disobedience Movement provided a platform for addressing social issues such as discrimination based on caste, religion, and gender. Many individuals and groups, including Dalits (formerly known as untouchables), women, and religious minorities, saw participation in the movement as a means to challenge social hierarchies and advocate for equality and justice.

4. Political Empowerment: The movement offered an opportunity for various classes and groups to actively engage in the political process and assert their rights. By participating in acts of civil disobedience such as protests, marches, and boycotts, Indians could demonstrate their agency and demand a greater say in decision-making processes.

5. Unity in Diversity: The Civil Disobedience Movement was characterized by its inclusivity and ability to unite people from diverse backgrounds under a common cause. Indians from different regions, languages, religions, and social classes came together to fight against colonial oppression, showcasing the strength of unity in diversity.

Overall, the participation of various classes and groups in the Civil Disobedience Movement was driven by a combination of nationalistic fervor, socio-economic grievances, aspirations for political empowerment, and a desire for social reform and equality.