5. Explain how momentum gets conserved in collision of two bodies?

Momentum conservation is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces are acting on it. In the context of a collision between two bodies, momentum conservation means that the total momentum of the two bodies before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Here's a basic explanation of how momentum is conserved in a collision:

1. Before the collision: Each body possesses a certain momentum, which is the product of its mass and velocity. The total momentum of the system before the collision is the sum of the individual momenta of the two bodies.

2. During the collision: When the two bodies collide, they exert forces on each other over a short period of time. These forces cause changes in the velocities of the bodies, but the total momentum of the system remains constant.

3. After the collision: The bodies move apart from each other, each with a new velocity. The total momentum of the system after the collision is again the sum of the individual momenta of the two bodies.

Mathematically, momentum conservation can be expressed using the equation:

m1⋅v1i+m2⋅v2i=m1⋅v1f+m2⋅v2fm1⋅v1i+m2⋅v2i=m1⋅v1f+m2⋅v2f

Where:

• m1m1 and m2m2 are the masses of the two bodies,
• v1iv1i and v2iv2i are the initial velocities of the two bodies,
• v1fv1f and v2fv2f are the final velocities of the two bodies.

This equation essentially states that the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. As long as there are no external forces acting on the system, momentum is conserved.