5. Do you agree that the Pre-modern world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America? Give reasons to support your answer.

Yes, the discovery of new sea routes to the Americas had a profound and undeniable impact on the pre-modern world. Here are several reasons to support this assertion:

1. Expansion of Trade and Commerce: The establishment of sea routes to the Americas opened up new avenues for trade. Previously unknown goods such as tobacco, potatoes, maize, and cocoa were introduced to Europe, while European goods like textiles, metal tools, and weapons were brought to the Americas. This exchange of goods greatly enriched European economies and contributed to the rise of capitalism.

2. Cultural Exchange and Globalization: The interaction between Europe, Africa, and the Americas led to a significant exchange of cultures, ideas, and technologies. This cultural exchange, known as the Columbian Exchange, had far-reaching consequences, impacting everything from cuisine and language to societal norms and religious beliefs.

3. Colonialism and Empire Building: The discovery of the Americas fueled a race among European powers to establish colonies and expand their empires. This period of colonialism led to the exploitation of indigenous populations, the establishment of plantation economies based on forced labor, and the development of mercantilist economic policies designed to enrich the colonial powers.

4. Scientific Advancements: The exploration of new sea routes to the Americas required advancements in navigation, cartography, and shipbuilding. The pursuit of these advancements led to breakthroughs such as improved maps, navigational instruments like the astrolabe and sextant, and the development of faster and more seaworthy ships. These innovations not only facilitated further exploration but also laid the groundwork for future advancements in science and technology.

5. Globalization of Disease: The Columbian Exchange also facilitated the spread of diseases between the Old World and the New World. Diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, which were previously unknown in the Americas, had devastating effects on indigenous populations, leading to widespread depopulation and social upheaval.

Overall, the discovery of new sea routes to the Americas fundamentally altered the course of history, reshaping economies, societies, and cultures on a global scale.