10. What were the economic effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, had significant economic effects on British India. Here are some of the key economic impacts:

1. Boycott of British Goods: The movement encouraged Indians to boycott British goods and instead patronize Indian-made products. This led to a decline in the consumption of British goods, causing economic losses for British businesses operating in India.

2. Decline in Revenue: The British government relied heavily on revenue generated from taxes and duties imposed on various goods and services in India. The widespread boycott and non-cooperation with the government resulted in a decline in revenue collection, impacting the British administration financially.

3. Economic Empowerment of Indians: By promoting the use of indigenous products and encouraging self-reliance, the Non-Cooperation Movement aimed to economically empower Indians. This was reflected in the growth of indigenous industries and enterprises, as well as in the development of cottage industries and small-scale manufacturing units.

4. Disruption of Trade and Transport: The movement also involved strikes, protests, and non-cooperation with British authorities, which disrupted trade and transport networks. This led to logistical challenges and further economic losses for British businesses and the colonial administration.

5. Impact on British Investment: The unrest and uncertainty created by the Non-Cooperation Movement discouraged British investment in India. Investors were hesitant to commit capital to projects in an environment marked by civil disobedience and widespread dissent against British rule.

Overall, the Non-Cooperation Movement had a profound impact on the economic dynamics of British India, contributing to the growth of indigenous industries, challenging British economic dominance, and laying the groundwork for future movements advocating for Indian independence.