10. What are MNCs? Explain.

MNCs, or Multinational Corporations, are large companies that operate in multiple countries. These corporations have their headquarters in one country but have subsidiaries, branches, or operations in other countries. MNCs are often involved in a wide range of business activities, including manufacturing, sales, services, and research and development.

There are several reasons why MNCs expand their operations internationally:

1. Access to Markets: MNCs expand internationally to gain access to new markets and customers. This allows them to increase their sales and revenue streams.

2. Access to Resources: MNCs may also expand to access resources such as raw materials, labor, and technology that may not be available or may be more affordable in other countries.

3. Cost Reduction: Expanding internationally can sometimes help MNCs reduce costs through factors such as cheaper labor, favorable tax policies, or lower production costs.

4. Risk Diversification: Operating in multiple countries can help MNCs diversify their risks. Economic or political instability in one country may have less impact on the overall operations of the company if it has a presence in other stable markets.

5. Competitive Advantage: International expansion can give MNCs a competitive advantage by allowing them to leverage their expertise, technology, or brand reputation in new markets.

However, MNCs also face challenges in managing their international operations, including cultural differences, legal and regulatory issues, currency exchange risks, and political instability. Overall, MNCs play a significant role in the global economy, driving innovation, creating jobs, and contributing to economic development in various countries.