Unit-I: 4

Nature of Law of Torts - 4

Civil Wrong (Not Criminal) 4

Liability for Harm or Damage 4

Fault-Based vs. Strict Liability 4

Categories of Torts 4

Remedies for Torts 5

Fault and Responsibility 5

Defenses in Tort Law 5

Purpose of Tort Law 5

Definition of Tort - 6

Elements of Tort - 7

Development of Law of Torts in England and India - 9

Wrongful Act and Legal Damage - 12

Damnum Sine Injuria and Injuria Sine Damno- 16

Damnum Sine Injuria and Injuria Sine Damno 16

Damnum Sine Injuria (Loss Without Injury) 16

Example of Damnum Sine Injuria: 16

Injuria Sine Damno (Injury Without Loss) 16

Example of Injuria Sine Damno: 17

Key Differences Between Damnum Sine Injuria and Injuria Sine Damno 17

Conclusion 17

Tort distinguished from Crime and Breach of Contract - 18

Tort vs. Crime 18

Tort 18

Crime 19

Key Differences Between Tort and Crime: 19

Tort vs. Breach of Contract 19

Tort 20

Breach of Contract 20

Key Differences Between Tort and Breach of Contract: 20

Conclusion 21

General Principles of Liability in Torts - 21

Fault - 26

Wrongful intent - 26

Malice - 26

Negligence - 26

Liability without fault - 26

Statutory liability - 26

Parties to proceedings. 26

Unit-II 26

General Defences to an action in Torts – 26

Vicarious Liability - 26

Liability of the State for Torts – 26

Defence of Sovereign Immunity – 26

Joint Liability – 26

Liability of Joint Toreadors – 27

Rule of Strict Liability (Ryland’s V Fletcher) – 27

Rule of Absolute Liability (MC Mehta vs. Union of India) – 27

Occupiers liability – 27

Extinction of liability – 27

Waiver and Acquiescence – 27

Release – 27

Accord and Satisfaction - 27

Death. 27

Unit-III 27

Specific Torts - 27

Torts affecting the person - 27

Assault - 27

Battery - 27

False Imprisonment – 27

Malicious Prosecution - 28

Nervous Shock - 28

Torts affecting 28

Immovable Property - 28

Trespass to land - 28

Nuisance - 28

Public Nuisance and Private Nuisance - 28

Torts relating to movable property – 28

Liability arising out of accidents (Relevant provisions of the Motor VehiclesAct). 28

Unit-IV 28

Defamation - 28

Negligence - 28

Torts against Business Relations - 28

Injurious falsehood -