This course is for class 12th students
Subject : Business studies
The syllabus to be covered is as follows:
Here is the overview of the 12th class commerce syllabus
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**Part A: Principles and Functions of Management**
**Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management**
1. Management: An Introduction
2. Management as Science, Art, and Profession
3. Levels and Functions of Management
4. Coordination: Concept and Importance
**Unit 2: Principles of Management**
1. Principles of Management: Concept and Significance
2. Scientific Management: Principles and Techniques
**Unit 3: Business Environment**
1. Business Environment: Importance and Dimensions
**Unit 4: Planning**
1. Planning and Types of Plans
**Unit 5: Organising**
1. Organising: Importance and Process
2. Organisation Structure: Functional and Divisional
3. Delegation and Decentralisation: Concept and Importance
**Unit 6: Staffing**
1. Staffing: Concept and Importance
2. Recruitment: Meaning and Sources
3. Selection: Meaning and Process
4. Training and Development: Concept and Importance
**Unit 7: Directing**
1. Directing: Importance and Elements
2. Motivation: Financial and Non-financial Incentives
3. Leadership: Concept and Styles
4. Communication: Concept, Types, and Barriers
**Unit 8: Controlling**
1. Controlling: Concept and Process
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**Part B: Business Finance and Marketing**
**Unit 9: Financial Management**
1. Financial Management, Financial Decisions, and Financial Planning
2. Capital Structure: Concept and Determinants
3. Fixed and Working Capital: Concept and Determinants
**Unit 10: Financial Market**
1. Financial Market: Concept and Types
2. Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange and SEBI
**Unit 11: Marketing Management**
1. Marketing and Marketing Mix
2. Advertising: Concept
3. Personal Selling: Concept
4. Sales Promotion and Public Relations
**Unit 12: Consumer Protection**
1. Consumer Protection: Importance and Ways
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This updated summary provides a comprehensive overview of the 12th class commerce syllabus, including all chapters.
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