NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science, Chapter 2 - The End of Bipolarity

In this chapter, you’ll learn what happened after the cold war, how initially Russia emerged to be a superpower, however, gradually declined due to weak economic and political structure, disintegrating into smaller countries. You’ll study the reasons of this disintegration and how it happened. You’ll also study the severe consequences of the disintegration of the ‘second world’, the tensions and conflicts that prevailed and the shock therapy that followed. Finally, you’ll come across the kind of relations India shares with communist countries, especially Russia.

Thus, an in-depth study of Chapter 2 Political Science Class 12 will give you a good understanding of The End of Bipolarity.

Let’s take a look at topics and sub-topics of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2 – The End of Bipolarity

• What was the Soviet System?

• Gorbachev and The Disintegration

• Why did the Soviet Union Disintegrate?

• Consequences of Disintegration

• Shock Therapy in Post-Communist Regimes

• Consequences of Shock Therapy

• Tensions and Conflicts

• India and Post-Communist Countries

In Chapter 2 Political Science Class 12, you will learn – 

• What was the Soviet System? – In this section, you’ll study about ‘Soviet System’ and formation of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917. You’ll also learn about the beliefs of this system, the emergence of the communist party, control of state over the economy of Soviet Union, formation of the Warsaw Pact, growing power of Soviet Union after the second world war. You’ll learn about the flourishing industrialization of the Soviet Union and the growing standard of living of its people.

• Gorbachev and The Disintegration – In this section, you’ll study about the declining economy of Soviet Union due to limitations in the political and economic system, consequences of the faltering Soviet economy, reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev – the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, drawbacks of these reforms and conflicts within different states and people of Russia demanding disintegration.

• Why did the Soviet Union Disintegrate? – In this section, you’ll study why and how Soviet Union disintegrated and what made the Soviet System so fragile that its growing economy suddenly collapsed. You’ll also study about the important lessons needed to be learnt from the disintegration of Soviet Union, the rise of nationalism and aspiration for independence among people of Russia, the Baltic Republics, Georgia, Ukraine and more.

• Consequences of Disintegration – In this section, you’ll learn what happened after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, end of the cold war, emergence of US as the sole superpower in the world, emergence of liberal democracy, end of the Soviet Bloc and birth of many smaller countries.

• Shock Therapy in Post-Communist Regimes – In this section, you’ll study what ‘Shock Therapy’ was all about after disintegration of Soviet Union. You’ll also learn about the transition from communism to the democratic capitalist system, the influence of World Bank and IMF in this transition, end of any trading between the countries of the Soviet Union, and more.

• Consequences of Shock Therapy – In this section, you’ll study about the results of this shock therapy, ruining of the economies world over, collapse of almost all Russian industries, emergence of ‘the largest garage sale in history’ in Russia, decline in the value of Russian currency, increase in the rate of inflation and import of food and finally the revival of Russia in 2000 with the export of natural resources.

• Tensions and Conflicts – In this section, you’ll study about the tensions and conflicts that emerged and prevailed for long in Soviet Union leading to decades of civil wars, increasing interference of outsiders, severe conflicts between Czechs and Slovaks, Balkan Republics of Yugoslavia, the civil war in Tajikistan and more.

• India and Post-Communist Countries – In this section, you’ll study about India’s cordial relations with all the post-communist countries, especially Russia over the years, the vision of multipolar world over and benefits of such cordial relations.

In this chapter, you are provided with several images and timelines to have a clear understanding of The End of Bipolarity. To know more about Political Science Chapter 2 you should explore the exercises mentioned in this chapter. You can also download The End of Bipolarity NCERT Solutions PDF, solved by our experts.