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1. Identify the country:
a. The struggle among pro-monarchy, pro-democracy groups and extremists created an atmosphere of political instability:
b. A landlocked country with multi-party competition:
c. The first country to liberalise its economy in the South Asian region:
d. In the conflict between the military and pro-democracy groups, the military has prevailed over democracy:
e. Centrally located and shares borders with most of the South Asian countries:
f. Earlier the island had the Sultan as the head of state. Now, it’s a republic:
g. Small savings and credit cooperatives in the rural areas have helped in reducing poverty:
h. A landlocked country with a monarchy:
(a) Nepal
(b) Bhutan
(c) India
(d) Pakistan
(e) India
(f) Maldives
(g) India
(h) Nepal
2. Which among the following statements about South Asia is wrong?
a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic.
b) Bangladesh and India have signed an agreement on river-water sharing.
c) SAFTA was signed at the 12th SAARC Summit in Islamabad.
d) The US and China play an influential role in South Asian politics.
(a) statement is wrong
Statement (a): South Asia includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Bhutanese Government is constitutional monarchy.
3. What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?
The commonalities between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences are:
1. Both Bangladesh and Pakistan were under military rule
2. Pakistan’s administration ushered under General Ayub Khan but he had to give up due to dissatisfaction among the masses then came Yahya’s military rule where though the elections were held but just to give shape to their own military reign. Similarly in Bangladesh, the constitution got drafted to begin the democracy but Sheikh Mujib formed Presidential setup by abolishing all parties except his Awami league. But soon after his assassination Zia-Ur-Rehman formed his own party and won and later he too got murdered and another military leader took the charge
Differences:
1. In Pakistan social dominance of the military, clergy, Landowning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected government and establishment of military government whereas Bangladesh drafted the constitution and has declared faith in secularism, democracy and socialism
4. List three challenges to democracy in Nepal.
At present Nepal has its own constitution which came into effect on 20th September 2015. It defines Nepal as having multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-cultural characteristics with common aspirations of people living in diverse geographical regions
So the key challenges of the new government or the democracy of Nepal would be as :
1. Monarchy- Until 2008 Nepal was ruled by Kings and for the civilians a King is admired as God but in the past few decades they became unpopular, so it would be challenging for the government to build a new confidence among the masses
2. Maoist Communist Insurgency
3. New constitution- it took political parties seven years to complete the task.
5. Name the principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. How do you assess the prospects of the resolution of this conflict?
The Principle Players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka are the Sinhalas and Sri Lankan Tamils. After independence, politics in Sri Lanka was dominated by the interest of Sinhala community who were hostile to large number of Tamils who migrated from India to settle there. The Sinahalas believed Sri Lanka belongs just to them and hence thought that Sri Lanka should not give concession to the tamils. This confliction led to militant Tamil nationalism and since 1983 the militant organisation and the LTTE has been fighting an armed struggle.
6. Mention some of the recent agreements between India and Pakistan.
Can we be sure that the two countries are well on their way to a friendly relationship?
Although India and Pakistan relations seem to be story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been series of efforts to manage tension and build peace.
1. In 1960 with the help of World Bank, India and Pakistan signed the Indus Water Treaty
2. Shimla Agreement, 1972 where both the countries agreed to settle down their issues and conflicts peacefully
3. Tashkent Declaration where Indian and Pakistani forces would pull back to their pre-conflict positions, pre-August lines no later than 25 February 1966, the nations would not interfere in each other's internal affairs, economic and diplomatic relations would be restored,
4. Non-nuclear Agreement in 1988 is the bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty between the two South Asian states, India and Pakistan, on the reduction (or limitation) of nuclear arms and pledged not to attack
India is also holding negotiations on issues including the disagreement over the demarcation line in Sir Creek in Rann of kutch.
7. Mention two areas each of cooperation and disagreement between India and Bangladesh?
Although India and Pakistan relations seem to be story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been series of efforts to manage tension and build peace.
1. In 1960 with the help of World Bank, India and Pakistan signed the Indus Water Treaty
2. Shimla Agreement, 1972 where both the countries agreed to settle down their issues and conflicts peacefully
3. Tashkent Declaration where Indian and Pakistani forces would pull back to their pre-conflict positions, pre-August lines no later than 25 February 1966, the nations would not interfere in each other's internal affairs, economic and diplomatic relations would be restored,
4. Non-nuclear Agreement in 1988 is the bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty between the two South Asian states, India and Pakistan, on the reduction (or limitation) of nuclear arms and pledged not to attack
India is also holding negotiations on issues including the disagreement over the demarcation line in Sir Creek in Rann of kutch.
8. How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia? Take any one example to illustrate your point.
The external powers influence bilateral relations in south Asia because, No region exists in vacuum, it is influenced by external powers and events so much that it may try to insulate itself from regional powers.
1. China and USA remain key players in South Asian politics
2. Sino Indian relations have improved significantly in last 10 years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan creates irritation into the relations
9. Write a short note on the role and the limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian countries.
Role of SAARC can be identified as follows:
1. South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional initiative among south Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985
2. SAARC has initiated SAFTA(South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to free trade zones for whole South Asia
3. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on non regional powers
Limitations:
1. Some of the Indian Neighbours thinks that the association is dominated by India
2. SAARC nations are either developing or least developed nations and thus creates insufficiency of funds
10. India’s neighbours often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller countries of the region. Is this a correct impression?
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