How do I conjugate Korean verbs?

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Understanding Korean Verb Conjugation: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Verb Stems:

• Most Korean verbs end in "하다" (hada) or "다" (da). The first step is to extract the verb stem by removing these endings.

2. Tense Conjugation:

• Present Tense (Original Form): Utilize the verb stem as is.
  • Example: 먹다 (meokda) - to eat
• Past Tense:
  • • For "하다" verbs: Add -았/었어요 (-at/eosseoyo) to the verb stem.
    • Example: 먹다 → 먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo) - ate
  • • For "다" verbs: Replace 다 with -았/었어요 (-at/eosseoyo).
    • Example: 가다 → 갔어요 (gasseoyo) - went
• Future Tense:
  • • For "하다" verbs: Add -겠어요 (-gesseoyo) to the verb stem.
    • Example: 먹다 → 먹겠어요 (meokgesseoyo) - will eat
  • • For "다" verbs: Add -을/를 거예요 (-eul/reul geoyeyo) to the verb stem.
    • Example: 가다 → 갈 거예요 (gal geoyeyo) - will go

3. Politeness and Formality Levels:

• Formal Politeness: Incorporate -ㅂ니다 (-mnida) to the verb stem.
  • Example: 먹다 → 먹습니다 (meokseumnida) - eat
• Polite Informal: Introduce -요 (-yo) to the verb stem.
  • Example: 먹다 → 먹어요 (meokeoyo) - eat
• Casual Informal: Use the verb stem without additional endings.
  • Example: 먹다 → 먹어 (meokeo) - eat

4. Negative Form:

• Attach -지 않다 (-ji anhda) after the verb stem.
  • Example: 먹다 → 먹지 않다 (meokji anhda) - not eat

5. Present Progressive (-고 있어요):

• Add -고 있어요 (-go isseoyo) to the verb stem.
  • Example: 먹다 → 먹고 있어요 (meokgo isseoyo) - am eating

6. Imperative Form (Command):

• For "하다" verbs: Remove 다 and add -아/어요 (-a/eoyo).
  • Example: 하다 → 해라 (haera) - do!
• For "다" verbs: Remove 다 and add -아/어 (-a/eo).
  • Example: 가다 → 가 (ga) - go!

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