What is the difference between C and C++??

Many tend to write "C/C++", as if they were the same thing. Although they share many similarities, they are clearly not the same. But what are really the fundamental differences between C and C++? Is C++ an enhanced version of C, or are there features in C which do not exist in C++? (user-defined) static type system : allow static checks about your data and their usage - points a lot of easily done errors in C. multi-"paradigm" : allow working like in C, with object-oriented paradigms, with generic paradigms etc. Constructor/Destructor : the only way to say once what to do when creating or destroying something and be sure the user will not have to find the right function and use it like in C RAII (badly named) : you don't have to always manage memory. Just keep things in scope and use smart pointers describing your objects lifetime. Still can use raw pointers. Templates : better than macro, a real language to manipulate and generate types before the final compilation. Only lacks a type system (see Concepts in future C++ standards). Operator overloads : allow to describe operations in a simple syntactic manner and even to define embedded domain-specific languages inside your C++ code. Scoped names : namespaces, classes/struct, functions, etc. have simple rules to make sure names don't clash. Exception system : a way to propagate errors that is often better than return code. In fact, return code are good for domain-specific logical errors, because the application have to manage it. Exception are used for "hard" errors, things that make the following code just incorrect. It allows for catching errors higher in the call stack if possible, react to such exception (by logging or by fixing the state) and with RAII, if well used, it don't make the whole program wrong - if done well, again. The Standard Library : C have his own, but it's all "dynamic". The C++ standard library is almost (not IO streams) made of templates (containers and algorithms) that allow generating code only for what you use. Better : as the compiler have to generate code, it will know a lot about the context and will hapily apply a lot of optimizations without having to require the coder to obfuscate it's code - thanks to templates and other things. const-correctness : The best way to make sure you don't change variables you shouldnt. Allow to specify read-only access to varaibles. And is only checked at compile time so there is no runtime cost. C++ was invented to manage complexity that C could not handle. For example, a common problem with C was that you could "run out of names for variables" (not to be taken literally of course) because there was no encapsulation, namespaces etc. Also, C does not have exceptions, therefore error handling is very error prone, since it depends on the library user to always check return values of funcs, whereas with exceptions, the library developer simply throws an exception that guarantees program flow will be halted. C++ helps by having the constructor init objects which is automatically called by compiler. Unlike C structs which need to be initialized by the programmer (hence another error-prone area). Lastly, there is a lot of other advantages touted by OOP , such as object reuse as well the generic programming based concepts, such as templates and generics which allow you to reuse source code,etc. And a lot of other things that would take too much of my time to list here. read less

Hi Ahmed, check out below for differences                                C 1. C is Procedural Language. 2. No virtual Functions are present in C 3. In C, Polymorphism is not possible. 4. Operator overloading is not possible in C. 5. Top down approach is used in Program Design. 6. No namespace Feature is present in C Language. 7. Multiple Declaration of global variables are allowed. 8. In C scanf() Function used for Input. printf() Function used for output. 9. Mapping between Data and Function is difficult and complicated. 10. In C, we can call main() Function through other Functions 11. C requires all the variables to be defined at the starting of a scope. 12. No inheritance is possible in C. 13. In C, malloc() and calloc() Functions are used for Memory Allocation and free() function for memory Deallocating. 14. It supports built-in and primitive data types. 15. In C, Exception Handling is not present.                               C++ 1. C++ is non Procedural i.e Object oriented Language. 2. The concept of virtual Functions are used in C++. 3. The concept of polymorphism is used in C++. Polymorphism is the most Important Feature of OOPS. 4. Operator overloading is one of the greatest Feature of C++. 5. Bottom up approach adopted in Program Design. 6. Namespace Feature is present in C++ for avoiding Name collision. 7. Multiple Declaration of global varioables are not allowed. 8. In C++ Cin>> Function used for Input. Cout<< Function used for output. 9. Mapping between Data and Function can be used using "Objects" 10. In C++, we cannot call main() Function through other functions. 11. C++ allows the declaration of variable anywhere in the scope i.e at time of its First use. 12. Inheritance is possible in C++ 13.In C++,  new and delete operators are used for Memory Allocating and Deallocating. 14. It support both built-in and user define data types. 15. In C++, Exception Handling is done with Try and Catch block. read less