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Direct Case (क्रिया वाचक श्रेणी - Kriya Vaachak Shreni): This is the base form of a noun or pronoun, used when it is the subject of a sentence or the object of a transitive verb. In this case, nouns are in their default form.
Genitive Case (संबंध - Sambandh): Used to indicate possession or association. The genitive case is formed by adding "का" (ka) or "की" (ki) to the noun or pronoun. For example, "राजू की किताब" (Raju ki kitaab) means "Raju's book."
Dative Case (करण - Karan): Used to indicate the indirect object or the recipient of an action. The dative case is formed by adding "को" (ko) to the noun or pronoun. For example, "मैंने उसे फूल दिया" (Maine use phool diya) means "I gave him/her a flower."
Ablative Case (से - Se): Used to indicate origin or source. The ablative case is formed by adding "से" (se) to the noun or pronoun. For example, "वहाँ से आया" (Wahaan se aaya) means "He came from there."
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in English, one says I see them and they see me: the nominative pronouns I/they represent the perceiver and the accusative pronouns me/them represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation.
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