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Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following: (a) Diabetes meilitus (b) Goitre "

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(a) Diabetes mellitus: Hormonal Deficiency: Insulin Diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by a deficiency in insulin, a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into...
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(a) Diabetes mellitus:

  • Hormonal Deficiency: Insulin
  • Diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by a deficiency in insulin, a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy production or stored for future use. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, either the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin (Type 2 diabetes), resulting in elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia).

(b) Goiter:

  • Hormonal Deficiency: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
  • Goiter is often associated with thyroid hormone deficiency, particularly in cases of iodine deficiency. Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, T3, and thyroxine, T4) are produced by the thyroid gland and play essential roles in regulating metabolism, growth, and development throughout the body. Inadequate production of thyroid hormones due to iodine deficiency or thyroid gland dysfunction can lead to an enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as goiter, as the gland attempts to compensate for the deficiency by increasing its size in an effort to produce more hormones. However, goiter can also result from other thyroid disorders, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) or overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland (secondary hyperthyroidism).
 
 
 
 
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