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Asked by Pritty Last Modified
Answer A centromere is a specialized region of a chromosome that serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. The centromere typically contains repetitive DNA sequences and specific protein complexes that help in the formation of the kinetochore, a structure that interacts with spindle fibers.
Classification of Chromosomes based on Centromere Position:
The position of the centromere on a chromosome can vary, and this variation forms the basis of classification of chromosomes into different types. There are four main types of chromosomes based on the position of the centromere:
Metacentric: In metacentric chromosomes, the centromere is located approximately in the middle, resulting in two arms of equal length.
Submetacentric: Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere located off-center, resulting in one long arm (q arm) and one short arm (p ar
m).
Acrocentric: Acrocentric chromosomes have the centromere located close to one end, resulting in one very long arm (q arm) and one very short arm (p arm), which may appear as a satellite.
Telocentric: Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere located at one end, resulting in only one chromosome arm.
Diagram showing the Position of Centromere on Different Types of Chromosomes:
The classification of chromosomes based on centromere position provides valuable information about chromosome structure and organization, which can aid in understanding genetic processes, such as chromosome segregation during cell division.
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