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Asked by Sonam Last Modified
Answer The Hardy-Weinberg equation, \( p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \), describes the distribution of alleles and genotype frequencies in a population that is not evolving. Here's what each term conveys:
- \( p^2 \): Represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype in the population, where \( p \) represents the frequency of the dominant allele.
- \( 2pq \): Represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype in the population, where \( q \) represents the frequency of the recessive allele.
- \( q^2 \): Represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype in the population.
- 1: Represents the total frequency of alleles in the population, which is considered constant and equals 1 or 100%.
This equation is derived from the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which states that in the absence of evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. Therefore, the equation serves as a null hypothesis against which observed genotype frequencies can be compared to detect deviations from expected frequencies, indicating the presence of evolutionary forces acting on the population.
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