State any four major steps taken by the Chinese leadership to end its political and economic isolation.

The United States seeks to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship with China by expanding areas of cooperation and addressing areas of disagreement, such as human rights and cyber-security. The United States welcomes a strong, peaceful, and prosperous China playing a greater role in world affairs and seeks to advance practical cooperation with China. There are four annual dialogues held between the U.S. and China; the Diplomatic and Security Dialogue, the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue, the Law Enforcement and Cybersecurity Dialogue, and the Social and Cultural Issues Dialogue all serve as a unique platform to promote bilateral understanding, expand consensus, discuss differences, build mutual trust, and increase cooperation. The strategic track of the S&ED has produced benefits for both countries through a wide range of joint projects and initiatives and expanded avenues for addressing common regional and global challenges such as proliferation concerns in Iran and North Korea, tensions between Sudan and South Sudan, climate change, environmental protection, and energy security. The United States has emphasized the need to enhance bilateral trust through increased high-level exchanges, formal dialogues, and expanded people-to-people ties. U.S. Assistance to China: U.S. assistance programs in China focus on four principal areas: supporting efforts on environmental protection and climate-change mitigation; advancing the rule of law and human rights; assisting Tibetan communities, and addressing the threat of pandemic diseases. U.S. support for transparency and governance crosses these sectors, supporting the development of environmental law, as well as a free, fair, and accessible justice system. Programs in each of these areas are targeted and directly address U.S. interests such as limiting the transmission of avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases that pose threats to global security. Furthermore, such programs have been expanded with the addition of local Chinese resources, Programs in Tibetan areas of China support activities that preserve the distinct Tibetan culture and promote sustainable development and environmental conservation. Bilateral Economic Relations: The U.S. approach to its economic relations with China has two main elements: integrating China into the global, rules-based economic and trading system and expanding U.S. exporters' and investors' access to the Chinese market. Two-way trade between China and the United States has grown from $33 billion in 1992 to over $648 billion in goods and services in 2016. China is currently the third largest export market for U.S. goods (after Canada and Mexico), and the United States is China's largest export market. The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in China was $75 billion in 2015, up from $54 billion in 2012, and remained primarily in the manufacturing sector. During the July 2017 meeting of the U.S.-China Comprehensive Economic Dialogue, the two countries discussed measures to expand opportunities for U.S. firms in China and made progress on important issues including credit ratings, bond clearing, electronic payments, commercial banking, and liquefied natural gas. For the first time since 2003, China allowed for imports of American beef. China's Membership in International Organizations: The People's Republic of China assumed the China seat at the United Nations in 1971, replacing Taiwan, and is a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Over the years, China has become increasingly active in multilateral organizations, particularly the United Nations. China and the United States work closely with the international community to address threats to global security, including North Korea and Iran's nuclear programs.

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The United States seeks to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship with China by expanding areas of cooperation and addressing areas of disagreement, such as human rights and cyber-security. The United States welcomes a strong, peaceful, and prosperous China playing a greater role in world affairs and seeks to advance practical cooperation with China. There are four annual dialogues held between the U.S. and China; the Diplomatic and Security Dialogue, the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue, the Law Enforcement and Cybersecurity Dialogue, and the Social and Cultural Issues Dialogue all serve as a unique platform to promote bilateral understanding, expand consensus, discuss differences, build mutual trust, and increase cooperation. The strategic track of the S&ED has produced benefits for both countries through a wide range of joint projects and initiatives and expanded avenues for addressing common regional and global challenges such as proliferation concerns in Iran and North Korea, tensions between Sudan and South Sudan, climate change, environmental protection, and energy security. The United States has emphasized the need to enhance bilateral trust through increased high-level exchanges, formal dialogues, and expanded people-to-people ties. U.S. Assistance to China: U.S. assistance programs in China focus on four principal areas: supporting efforts on environmental protection and climate-change mitigation; advancing the rule of law and human rights; assisting Tibetan communities, and addressing the threat of pandemic diseases. U.S. support for transparency and governance crosses these sectors, supporting the development of environmental law, as well as a free, fair, and accessible justice system. Programs in each of these areas are targeted and directly address U.S. interests such as limiting the transmission of avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases that pose threats to global security. Furthermore, such programs have been expanded with the addition of local Chinese resources, Programs in Tibetan areas of China support activities that preserve the distinct Tibetan culture and promote sustainable development and environmental conservation. Bilateral Economic Relations: The U.S. approach to its economic relations with China has two main elements: integrating China into the global, rules-based economic and trading system and expanding U.S. exporters' and investors' access to the Chinese market. Two-way trade between China and the United States has grown from $33 billion in 1992 to over $648 billion in goods and services in 2016. China is currently the third largest export market for U.S. goods (after Canada and Mexico), and the United States is China's largest export market. The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in China was $75 billion in 2015, up from $54 billion in 2012, and remained primarily in the manufacturing sector. During the July 2017 meeting of the U.S.-China Comprehensive Economic Dialogue, the two countries discussed measures to expand opportunities for U.S. firms in China and made progress on important issues including credit ratings, bond clearing, electronic payments, commercial banking, and liquefied natural gas. For the first time since 2003, China allowed for imports of American beef. China's Membership in International Organizations: The People's Republic of China assumed the China seat at the United Nations in 1971, replacing Taiwan, and is a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Over the years, China has become increasingly active in multilateral organizations, particularly the United Nations. China and the United States work closely with the international community to address threats to global security, including North Korea and Iran's nuclear programs. read less