List the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan civilisation and discuss how these might have been obtained ?

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the importance of historical topics for Class 12 students. Let's explore the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan Civilization and discuss how these might have been obtained.

**1. Raw Materials for Craft Production in Harappan Civilization

• The Harappan Civilization was known for its advanced craftsmanship and thriving trade.
• Various raw materials were essential for producing artifacts and goods.

**2. Metals – Copper and Bronze

• Sources: Copper and tin were primary metals for craft production.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Mining: Copper could be obtained from various mines in regions like Rajasthan.
  • Trade: Tin might have been sourced through trade networks, as it was not naturally abundant in the Harappan region.

**3. Clay and Terracotta

• Sources: Clay and terracotta were vital for pottery and sculpture.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Local Deposits: Abundant clay deposits in the river valleys provided easy access.
  • Riverbanks: Gathering clay from riverbanks facilitated the pottery-making process.

**4. Stone – for Sculpture and Tools

• Sources: Various stones like steatite, chert, and others were used for sculpture and tools.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Quarries: Steatite, for example, could be obtained from quarries in Baluchistan.
  • Trade Networks: Stones not locally available might have been acquired through trade.

**5. Shell and Bone

• Sources: Shells and bones were utilized for crafting ornaments and tools.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Coastal Regions: Shells could be sourced from coastal areas through trade.
  • Hunting: Bones might have been obtained from hunting activities in nearby regions.

**6. Wood – for Construction and Artifacts

• Sources: Wood was used for construction and crafting various artifacts.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Local Forests: Access to nearby forests for obtaining wood.
  • Trade:  wood varieties could be acquired through trade routes.

**7. Indus Script and Seals – Raw Materials for Inscriptions

• Sources: Inscriptions were made on seals using materials like steatite.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Steatite Quarries: Accessing steatite quarries for carving seals.

**8. Cotton – for Textile Production

• Sources: Cotton was a crucial raw material for textile production.
• Obtaining Methods:
  • Agriculture: Cotton cultivation in the fertile plains provided a local source.

Conclusion: Class 12 Tuition for Deeper Insight

• Understanding the procurement of raw materials in the Harappan Civilization requires in-depth study.
• Class 12 Tuition, especially from platforms like UrbanPro.com, offers expert guidance for a comprehensive understanding of historical topics.

In conclusion, the Harappan Civilization's craft production relied on a diverse range of raw materials obtained through local resources, trade networks, and specialized extraction methods. Enrolling in Class 12 Tuition can provide students with the necessary guidance to delve deeper into such historical topics with expert support from tutors on UrbanPro.com.