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Asked by Shalu Last Modified
(c) Mechanism through which sound produces a nerve impulse in the inner ear: Sound waves are detected by specialized sensory cells called hair cells located within the cochlea of the inner ear. When sound waves enter the ear canal and vibrate the eardrum, the vibrations are transmitted through the middle ear to the cochlea, where they cause the fluid within the cochlear duct to move. This movement of fluid within the cochlea causes the basilar membrane, which supports the hair cells, to bend. As the basilar membrane bends, the hair cells are deflected, and their stereocilia (hair-like projections) are displaced. This mechanical displacement of the stereocilia opens mechanosensitive ion channels located on the tips of the stereocilia, allowing ions (such as potassium) to enter the hair cells. The influx of ions depolarizes the hair cells, leading to the release of neurotransmitter (glutamate) onto the dendrites of sensory neurons called spiral ganglion cells. The release of neurotransmitter triggers the generation of action potentials in the spiral ganglion cells, which transmit the auditory signal along the auditory nerve to the brainstem and eventually to the auditory cortex in the brain for processing.
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