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Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution? Ti3+, V3+,
Cu+, Sc3+, Mn2+, Fe3+and Co2+. Give reasons for each.
Only the ions that have electrons in d-orbital and in which d-d transition is possible will be coloured. The ions in which d-orbitals are empty or completely filled will be colourless as no d-d transition is possible in those configurations.
Element | Atomic Number | Ionic State | Electronic configuration in ionic state |
Ti | 22 | T13+ | [Ar] 3d1 |
V | 23 | V3+ | [Ar] 3d2 |
Cu | 29 | Cu+ | [Ar] 3d10 |
Sc | 21 | Sc3+ | [Ar] |
Mn | 25 | Mn2+ | [Ar] 3d5 |
Fe | 26 | Fe3+ | [Ar] 3d5 |
Co | 27 | Co2+ | [Ar] 3d7 |
From the above table, it can be easily observed that only Sc3+ has an empty d-orbital and Cu+ has completely filled d-orbitals. All other ions, except Sc3+ and Cu+, will be coloured in aqueous solution because of d−d transitions.
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