.Name the organic materials of which exine and intine of an angiosperm pollen grains are made up of. Explain the role of exine.

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2. The Anatomy of Angiosperm Pollen Grains

• Exine and Intine Composition:
  • Exine: The outer layer of angiosperm pollen grains is composed of organic materials like sporopollenin. This robust substance provides protection to the pollen grain, preventing damage from environmental factors.
  • Intine: The inner layer, known as intine, is primarily composed of cellulose and pectin. This layer plays a crucial role in pollen tube formation during the fertilization process.

3. Role of Exine in Angiosperm Pollen Grains

• Environmental Protection:

  • The exine acts as a protective shield, safeguarding the delicate genetic material within the pollen grain from UV radiation, dehydration, and microbial attacks.
  • This protective layer is essential for the pollen's survival during transportation through the air, ensuring it reaches the stigma of the flower intact.

• Prevention of Desiccation:

  • The impermeability of sporopollenin in the exine prevents desiccation, maintaining the viability of the pollen grain during its journey from the anther to the stigma.

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