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The following are the differences between sigma and pi-bonds:
Sigma (σ) Bond | Pi (π) Bond |
(a) It is formed by the end to end overlap of orbitals. | It is formed by the lateral overlap of orbitals. |
(b) The orbitals involved in the overlapping are s–s, s–p, or p–p. | These bonds are formed by the overlap of p–p orbitals only. |
(c) It is a strong bond. | It is weak bond. |
(d) The electron cloud is symmetrical about the line joining the two nuclei. | The electron cloud is not symmetrical. |
(e) It consists of one electron cloud, which is symmetrical about the internuclear axis. | There are two electron clouds lying above and below the plane of the atomic nuclei. |
(f) Free rotation about σ bonds is possible. | Rotation is restricted in case of pi-bonds. |
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