What are the differences between calligraphy, lettering and typography?

Calligraphy:

Emphasizes fluid, elegant strokes and flourishes, often using specialized tools like a pointed pen or brush. 

Primarily considered an art form, focused on visual beauty rather than pure functionality. 

Historically used for official documents, religious texts, and decorative purposes. 

Lettering:

More flexible in style, allowing for a wide range of artistic interpretations in drawing each letter. 

Can be done by hand with various tools, including markers, pencils, or digital software. 

Often used in graphic design to create unique and visually appealing text. 

Typography:

Involves selecting and arranging pre-designed fonts to create text. 

Focuses on legibility and conveying information effectively through font choices, spacing, and alignment. 

Widely used in digital design, publications, and websites.