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Prepositions With Both Accusative And Dative

Mohmed Rafi Parvez
18/08/2023 0 0

The German Prepositions that take both the accusative and the dative cases are  :

                 In, an,auf,vor,hinten,über,unten,neben,zwischen

Since these prepositions alternately take the accusative and the dative case, they are also

Known as “Wechselpräpositionen”. In English, they are sometimes referred to as the “two-

Case prepositions”.

The Wechselpräpositionen take an accusative article always when an action is indicated.

To be more specific, they take an accusative article when there is a change of position or

location. They also take an accusative article, When they are used together with the verbs

“legen ( to lay , to put ), “stellen” ( to put ,to keep  ) “setzen”(to seat ),”stecken”(to insert )

“hängen” ( to hang ). For example :

Ich hänge das Bild an die wand.           ( I hang the picture on the wall )

Ich lege das Buch ins Regal .                 ( I put the book in the shelf )

Ich setze das kind auf das Bett .           ( I seat the child on the bed )

Ich stele die Flasche auf den Tisch.      ( I put the bottle on the table )

Ich  stecke den schlüssel ins schloß      ( I insert the key in the lock )

These prepositions also taken an accusative article with the verbs like “ gehen,” “ kommen”,

“fahren”,  “ fliegen”, etc., since these verbs also indicate a change of position or location.

Er geht ins Büro.

Wir fahren in die stadt.

The question for all prepositions taking the accusative will be “ wohin”. So,

Wohin hängen sie das Bild ?                               Ich hänge das Bild an die wand.

Wohin legen sie das Buch ?                                 Ich lege das Buch ins Regal.

Wohin setzen sie das kind ?                                     Ich setze das kind auf das Bett.

Wohin stellen sie die flasche ?                                 Ich stele die flasche auf den Tisch.

Wohin stecken sie den schlüssel ?                          Ich stecke den schlüssel ins schloß.

Wohin geht er ?                                                         Er geht ins Büro.

Wohin fahren sie ?                                                   Wir Fahren in die stadt.   

The Wechselpräpositionen take a dative article always when a position is being indicated. To

Be more specific, they take a dative article when a stationary position is being described.

There is no action or change of position in this case. They also take a dative article, when they

Are used together with the verbs “ liegen “ ( to lie ) , “ stehen” ( to stand ) “sitzen “ ( to sit ),

“stecken” (to be inserted ) and “ hängen” ( to hang ) . for example :

Das Bild hängt an der Wand.                                      ( The picture is hanging on the wall )

Das Buch liegt im Regal.                                               ( The book is lying in the shelf )   

Das kind sitzt auf dem Bett.                                        ( The child is sitting on the bed )

Die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.                                 ( The bottle is standing on the table )

Der Schlüssel steckt im schloß.                                   ( The key is inserted in the lock )       

These prepositions also taken a dative article with the verbs like “ sein “, “ bleiben “, etc., since

these verbs also describe a stationary position.

Er ist im Büro.       

Wir bleiben in der stadt.

The question for all prepositions taking the dative article will always be “ wo”. So,

Wo hängt das Bild ?                           das Bild hängt an der Wand.

Wo liegt das Buch ?                           das Buch liegt im Regal.

Wo sitzt das kind ?                            das kind sitzt auf dem Bett.

Wo steht die flasche ?                     die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.

Wo steckt der schlüssel ?                    die schlüssel steckt im schloß.

Wo ist er ?                                              Er ist im Büro.

Wo bleiben sie ?                                    Wir bleiben in der stadt.      

Given below are some example with all the Wechselpräpositionen :

Ich lege das Buch in die Tasche                                      das Buch liegt in der Tasche.

Er hängt die Uhr an die Wand                                        die Uhr hängt an der Wand.

Peter stellt die flasche auf den Tisch.                          die flasche steht auf dem Tisch.

Ich parke das Auto vor das Haus.                                 das Auto steht vor dem Haus.

Sie parkt das Auto hinter das Haus.                            das Auto steht hinter dem Haus.

Hängen sie die Lampe über den Tisch.                       die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch.

die katze setzt sic hunter das Bett.                               die  katze sitzt unter dem Bett.

Legen sie den kuli neben das Buch.                              der kuli liegt neben dem Buch.

Er stellt die Lampe zwischen das sofa und das bett.   die Lampe steht zwischen dem sofa und

                                                                                                dem Bett.

 

To summarize , always remember the following points regarding the Wechselpräpositionen :

  • The prepositions always take an accusative article, when
  • The verb indicate a change of position or location , and
  • when the question is “ wohin ?”

 

  • The prepositions always take a dative article , when
  • The verb indicates only a stationary position , and
  • When the question is “ wo “ ?
  • The verbs “ legen “ and “ liegen “ refer to the horizontal position of an object. “ legen “

Means to put something in a horizontal position and “ liegen “ means something is lying in a horizontal position . hence , use these verbs only with the objects that are kept in a

Horizontal position, such as book , pen , pencil, etc.

  • Similarly , the verbs “ stellen “ indicate a vertical position of an object. “ stellen “

Means to place something in a vertical position and “ stehen “ means something is

Standing in a vertical position . Hence, use these verbs only with the object that are placed in a vertical position   e.g . bottle , glass, table fan , etc.

  • The prepositions “ an “ and “ vor “ both indicate a vertical positioning of the objects.

“ an “ indicates  a vertical position with contact and “vor” indicates the position without

Contact.

  • Die Uhr hängt an der Wand. ( contact between the clock and the wall )
  • Die Lampe steht vor der wand. ( no contact between the lamp and the wall )
  • The prepositions “ auf” and “über “ both indicate a horizontal positioning of the objects.

“auf” indicates a horizontal position with contact and  “über” indicate the position

 Without contact.

  • Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch . ( contact between the book and the table )
  • Die Lampe hängt über den Tisch.   ( no contact between the lamp and the

                                                                       Table )

 

Uses of “ JA “, “ NEIN “ AND “ DOCH”

 

Questions can be asked in a language in two different ways. Either we use an interrogative

Pronoun ( fragepronomen), such as “ was “, “wer”, “wann”, etc. to ask a question or we

Start the question with a verb. The question asked by using a fragepronomen are also

Known as W- fragen, since all the interrogative pronouns in German start with the letter “ W”.

the question that start with a verb are also known as “ Ja – Nein fragen “.

The W- fragen require a complete statement or a complete piece of information as the answer.

for example,

wie heißen sie ?                   ich heiße peter.

Woher kommen sie ?          ich komme aus Deutschland.

Wo wohnen sie ?                  ich wohne in Frankfurt.

Was lernen sie ?                    ich leme Deutsch.

The  Ja- nein fragen, on the other hand, do not require a complete statement as the answer.

In this case, it suffices to answer the question with a “ Ja” or a “ Nein”. The correct answer

Statement is usually included in the question itself. If this is so , the question is simply answered

with a “Ja”’ such as :

Heißen sie peter?                                  Ja, ( ich heiße peter ).

Kommen sie aus Deutschland ?         Ja, (ich komme aus Deutschland ).

The part of the answer given in brackets is optional and may or may not be said . Even

without this part, the answer is complete and correct.

The answer “ Nein “ is given if the question has the incorrect statement. The answer  “ Nein “

is then usually followed by the correct statement. For instance,

kommen sie aus Stuttgart ?        Nein ,  ( ich komme ) aus Frankfurt.

Lernen sie spanisch ?                   Nein ,  ( ich lerne ) Deutsch.

Again, the part of the answer given in brackets is optional.

In the example given above , it is clear the question is positive  i.e. it is giving a positive

statement.  If the answer also gives or confirms this statement, we reply to the question with

“ ja “. If the answer negates this positive statement, we reply to the question with “ Nein “.

 

The question can sometimes contain a negative statement too.  In this case too we reply the

question with “ Nein”, if the answer is confirming this negative statement. for example:

kommen sie nicht aus Stuttgart ? Nein , ich komme nicht aus Stuttgart.

 

But what do you do, if you want to give a positive reply to a negative information being asked in the question ? Do you reply with “ ja “ or with “ Nein “ ? Neither. You relpy with “ Doch “

in this case.

Kommen sie nicht aus Frankfurt ?            Doch , ( ich komme aus Frankfurt ).

Lernen sie nicht Deutsch ?                          Doch ,  ( ich lerne Deutsch ).

 

Simply saying “ doch “ means you are making the negative information give in the question

positive. The part of the answer given in brackets is again optional.

Remember the following rules for using  “ ja “, “ nein “ and “ Doch “:

  • Ja :            Used when giving a positive answer to a positive question .

                         Lernen sie Deutsch ?                   Ja , ich lerne Deutsch.

  • Nein : Used when giving a negative answer to a positive question.

                         Lernen sie spanisch ?                    Nein , ich lerne Deutsch .

  • Nein : Used when giving a negative answer to a negative question.

                         Lernen sie nicht spanisch ?             Nein , ich lerne nicht spanisch.

  • Doch :          Used when giving a positive answer to a negative question.

                          Lernen sie nicht Deutsch ?             Doch , ich lerne Deutsch.

 

The words “ ja “, “ Nein “ and  “ Doch “ alone suffice as answer for questions that start

   with  a verb.  They simply confirm , whether the statement being asked in a question is correct or in correct. For this reason , the ja – nein fragen are also known as confirmatory questions. 

 Apart from being used as a positive answer to a negative question , the word “ doch “

   Is also used as a modal particle .

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