What is the difference between rasterization and vectorization?

Rasterization and vectorization are two different processes used in computer graphics, particularly in the context of digital images. Here's a brief overview of each:

Rasterization:

Definition: Rasterization is the process of converting vector graphics or images into raster images, also known as bitmap images. In raster images, the image is made up of a grid of individual pixels, each with its own color value.

Key Points:

• Pixel-Based: Raster images are pixel-based, meaning they consist of a finite grid of pixels, each with a specific color.
• Resolution-Dependent: Raster images are resolution-dependent. Enlarging a raster image can result in a loss of quality and pixelation.
• Common Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP are examples of raster image formats.
• Editing Limitations: Editing raster images can be more challenging, especially when it comes to scaling or resizing, as it can lead to a loss of quality.

Use Cases:

• Photographs
• Detailed graphics
• Complex textures

Vectorization:

Definition: Vectorization is the process of converting raster images into vector graphics. In vector graphics, images are described using mathematical equations to define shapes, lines, curves, and colors. This allows for scalability without a loss of quality.

Key Points:

• Mathematical Equations: Vector images are described using mathematical equations, defining geometric shapes and their attributes.
• Resolution-Independent: Vector images are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size without loss of quality.
• Editable: Vector graphics are more easily editable, allowing for modifications to individual elements.
• Common Formats: SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is a common vector image format.

Use Cases:

• Logos and icons
• Illustrations
• Fonts
• Simple geometric shapes

Summary:

• Rasterization involves converting vector graphics into raster images, which are pixel-based and resolution-dependent.
• Vectorization involves converting raster images into vector graphics, which are described using mathematical equations, allowing for resolution-independent scalability.

In summary, the key difference lies in the representation of images: raster images use pixels, while vector images use mathematical equations to define shapes. Each approach has its advantages and use cases, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the project.