Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a powerful methodology used to monitor and improve processes by systematically analyzing data and identifying patterns. It aims to maintain consistent quality and reduce variation in production or service delivery. Let’s delve into the details:
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Seven Quality Control (7-QC) Tools:
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These tools, also known as the Seven Basic Quality Tools, play a crucial role in SPC. They help analyze and solve work-related problems effectively. Here they are:
- Check Sheet: Used for collecting, recording, and analyzing data. It provides a basis for further action in the problem-solving process.
- Fishbone Diagram (Cause-and-Effect Diagram): Identifies potential causes contributing to a problem or effect. Factors like Man, Machine, Method, Material, Measurement, and Environment are considered during brainstorming.
- Histogram: A bar graph representing frequency distributions of data. It’s widely used in Six Sigma problem-solving.
- Pareto Chart: Prioritizes significant problems by narrowing down the problem area. The Pareto principle (80-20 rule) states that 80% of problems are caused by 20% of major factors.
- Scatter Diagram (Shewhart Chart): Helps visualize relationships between two variables.
- Control Chart: Developed by Walter Shewhart, it tracks process performance over time. It distinguishes between common cause variation (intrinsic to the process) and special cause variation (external sources).
- Stratification Diagram: Divides data into categories for deeper analysis (some lists replace this with Process Flowchart).
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SPC vs. SQC:
- Statistical Quality Control (SQC): Applies the 7-QC tools to monitor process outputs (dependent variables).
- Statistical Process Control (SPC): Applies the same 7-QC tools to control process inputs (independent variables). SPC doesn’t include acceptance sampling.
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