What is Selenium? Selenium is an open source tool that automates web browsers. It provides various flexibility to write test scripts in various programming languages like Ruby, Java, NodeJS, PHP, Perl, Python, and C# and many more. It is most famous for automating any kind application UI irrespective of any technology. Required knowledge before selenium? Must have prior knowledge in any programming language such as C# or Java. Must have knowledge in OOPs (Object Oriented Programming Concept) Should know Software Develop Life Cycle (SDLC) and Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) process. Reference for learning C# and Java: Java Tutorial: https://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial C# Tutorial: https://www.javatpoint.com/c-sharp-tutorial Environment Setup • IDE installation Eclipse or Visual Studio • Drivers in Selenium Google Chrome Driver FireFox Driver Edge Driver Safari Driver IE Driver HTML Unit Driver (a special headless driver) • Automation Test Framework How Selenium works: Selenium WebDriver- Installation: Selenium WebDriver installation process is completed in four basic steps: 1. Download and Install Java 8 or higher version. 2. Download and configure Eclipse or any Java IDE of your choice. 3. Download Selenium WebDriver Java Client 4. Configure Selenium WebDriver How to download JDK (Java Development Kit): you can download the latest version of Java Development Kit (JDK) from the link given below. Latest version of Java is recommended. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html How to download Eclipse IDE: • Open URL: https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ • Click on the "Download Packages" link (you can also download the IDE directly from the "downloads page" of Eclipse official website, but we will recommend you to navigate through the download packages section and get "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers"). How to Download Selenium WebDriver Java Client: • Open URL: https://docs.seleniumhq.org/download/ It will redirect you to the "downloads page" of Selenium official website. • Scroll down through the web page and locate Selenium Client & WebDriver Language Bindings. • Click on the "Download" link of Java Client Driver How to Configure Selenium Web Driver: • Now we will configure our Eclipse IDE with Selenium WebDriver. In simple terms, we will create a new Java Project in Eclipse and load all the essential jar files in order to create Selenium Test Scripts. • Launch Eclipse IDE • Create a new Java Project from File > New > Java Project. • Give your Project name as "Demo_Test" and click on "Finish" button. • Now new Java project is created with the following directories. • Right click on the "src" folder and create a new Class File from New > Class. • Give your Class name as "First" and click on "Finish" button. • Now, we will add the Selenium jar files in our Test Suite (Demo_Test). • Right click on "Demo_Test" folder and select Properties. • It will launch the Properties window for our "Demo_Test" Test Suite. • Click on "Java Build Path" option from the left-hand side panel. • Switch to Libraries tab and click on "Add External JARs" button. • Locate the directory where you have downloaded the Selenium jar files, select the respective jars and click on "Open" button. • Repeat the same steps for the jars which are present under the "libs" folder. • Open "libs" folder, select all of the respective jar files and click on "Open" button. • Once you get all the Selenium jar files in your Libraries tab, click on Apply and Close button. • The following image shows the directory structure of our "Demo_Test" test suite after adding Selenium jars. • Hence, we have successfully configured Selenium WebDriver with Eclipse IDE. Now, we are ready to write our test scripts in Eclipse and run it in WebDriver. Driver Initializations: WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); (Firefox browser ) WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); (Chrome browser) WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); (Internet Explorer browser) Finding Locators: Find Element – This method will identify one element or first element from the element list. Find Elements – This method will identity collection of web elements from the page. Types of Locators: ID Name ClassName LinkText Partial Link Text TagName CssSelector XPath Types of XPath: Absolute XPath – This is start from start node of the document. Absolute start with single slash / Relative XPath – This is start with self or immediate relative nodes. Relative start with double slash // XPath Expressions: Contains (), Text (), Using OR & AND XPath Axes: Following Ancestor Child Preceding Following-sibling Parent Descendant Mouse Actions: • DoubleClick(): Performs double click on the element • ClickAndHold(): Performs long click on the mouse without releasing it • dragAndDrop(): Drags the element from one point and drops to another • MoveToElement(): Shifts the mouse pointer to the centre of the element • ContextClick(): Performs right-click on the mouse Keyboard Actions: • SendKeys(): Sends a series of keys to the element • KeyUp(): Performs key release • KeyDown(): Performs keypress without release Waits in Selenium: o Implicit Wait o Explicit Wait o Fluent wait Handling Popup,Alerts,Frames: o Widows Handle o Popup Dialog box handle o Identifying & Handling Frames