1. Introduction to C Programming

• Overview of C: History, importance, and applications of C.
• Setting Up Environment: Installing a compiler (GCC, Clang) and an IDE (Code::Blocks, Visual Studio Code).
• Basic Syntax and Structure: Understanding the structure of a C program, including headers, main function, and basic output (using printf).

2. Basic Data Types and Operators

• Data Types: int, float, double, char, and their usage.
• Operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators.
• Type Casting: Implicit and explicit type conversion.

3. Control Structures

• Conditionals: if, if-else, and switch-case statements.
• Loops: for, while, and do-while loops. Using loops for iteration and recursion basics.

4. Functions

• Defining Functions: Syntax, parameters, return types.
• Function Prototypes: Declaration and definition.
• Scope and Lifetime: Local vs. global variables, static variables.
• Recursion: Understanding and implementing recursive functions.

5. Arrays and Strings

• Arrays: Definition, initialization, and accessing elements. Multi-dimensional arrays.
• Strings: String manipulation, functions in , and handling strings with arrays.

6. Pointers

• Introduction to Pointers: Basics of pointers, pointer arithmetic.
• Pointer Variables: Declaration, dereferencing, and null pointers.
• Pointers and Functions: Passing pointers to functions, return pointers from functions.
• Dynamic Memory Allocation: Using malloc, calloc, realloc, and free.

7. Structures and Unions

• Structures: Definition, initialization, accessing members, and nested structures.
• Unions: Definition and use cases.
• Enumerations: Definition and usage of enum.

8. File Handling

• File Operations: Opening, closing, reading, and writing files using fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, fprintf, and fscanf.
• Error Handling: Checking for file I/O errors and handling exceptions.

9. Advanced Topics

• Bit Manipulation: Bitwise operations and their applications.
• Preprocessor Directives: Understanding macros, #define, #include, #ifdef, and #ifndef.
• Dynamic Data Structures: Introduction to linked lists, basic operations (insertion, deletion, traversal).

10. Algorithms and Data Structures

• Sorting Algorithms: Bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, merge sort, quick sort.
• Searching Algorithms: Linear search, binary search.
• Stacks and Queues: Implementation using arrays and linked lists.

11. Modular Programming

• Header Files: Creating and using header files for modularity.
• Libraries: Understanding static and dynamic libraries. Linking libraries to programs.

12. Debugging and Testing

• Debugging Techniques: Using debuggers (GDB), common debugging practices.
• Testing: Writing test cases, validating code with various inputs.

13. Best Practices

• Code Style: Adhering to coding standards and best practices.
• Documentation: Writing comments and documentation for code clarity.
• Optimization: Basic techniques for optimizing code performance.

14. Practical Projects

• Simple Projects: Developing small applications to consolidate learning, such as a calculator, a basic file reader, or a text-based game.
• Capstone Project: A larger project integrating multiple concepts, such as a mini-database management system or a simple graphical application (using libraries like SDL).