Here are some key subject areas that are commonly included in Banking & Insurance courses:

1. Introduction to Banking: This topic provides an overview of the banking sector, its role in the economy, types of banks, and various banking services such as deposits, loans, and remittances. It covers the functions, structure, and regulatory framework of banking institutions.

2. Financial Institutions: This area focuses on different types of financial institutions, including commercial banks, central banks, development banks, cooperative banks, and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). It explores their functions, operations, and regulatory aspects.

3. Bank Management: This subject delves into the principles of bank management, including topics like asset-liability management, risk management, credit appraisal, liquidity management, capital adequacy, and profitability analysis. It covers strategies and techniques employed by banks to ensure effective and efficient operations.

4. Banking Laws and Regulations: This area examines the legal and regulatory framework governing the banking sector. It covers topics such as banking acts, regulations related to customer protection, money laundering prevention, banking secrecy, and prudential norms imposed by regulatory authorities.

5. Retail and Corporate Banking: This topic focuses on retail banking services provided to individual customers, such as savings accounts, loans, credit cards, and wealth management. It also covers corporate banking services, including project financing, working capital management, trade finance, and syndicated loans.

6. Insurance Principles: This subject introduces the basic principles and concepts of insurance, including risk, indemnity, insurable interest, utmost good faith, subrogation, and contribution. It explores different types of insurance products, such as life insurance, health insurance, property insurance, and liability insurance.

7. Insurance Operations: This area covers the operations of insurance companies, including underwriting, risk assessment, premium calculation, policy issuance, claims settlement, reinsurance, and actuarial principles. It examines the role of insurance intermediaries and regulatory requirements for insurance companies.

8. Risk Management: This topic focuses on identifying, measuring, and managing risks in the banking and insurance sectors. It covers credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and regulatory compliance. Risk mitigation strategies and risk assessment techniques are also explored.

9. Banking Technology and Digitalization: This subject discusses the impact of technology on banking and insurance operations. It covers topics like core banking systems, electronic payment systems, online banking, mobile banking, cybersecurity, and digital innovations in the financial industry.

10. Financial Inclusion and Microfinance: This area explores the importance of financial inclusion and microfinance in promoting inclusive economic growth. It covers topics such as microcredit, microinsurance, financial literacy, and the role of microfinance institutions in providing financial services to the unbanked population.