Artificial Intelligence

Topics Covered

CS1351 – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE L T P C 3 1 0 4 UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS 8 Intelligent agents * Agents and environments * Good behavior * The nature of environments * Structure of agents * Problem solving * Problem solving agents * Example problems * Searching for solutions * Uniformed search strategies * Avoiding repeated states * Searching with partial information. UNIT II SEARCHING TECHNIQUES 10 Informed search and exploration * Informed search strategies * Heuristic function * Local search algorithms and optimistic problems * Local search in continuous spaces * Online search agents and unknown environments * Constraint Satisfaction Problems(CSP) * Backtracking Search and Local Search for CSP * Structure of problems * Adversarial search * Games * Optimal decisions in games * Alpha-Beta pruning * Imperfect real-time decision * Games that include an element of chance. UNIT III KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 10 First order logic * Representation revisited * Syntax and semantics for first order logic * Using first order logic * Knowledge engineering in first order logic * Inference in first order logic * Propositional versus first order logic * Unification and lifting * Forward chaining * Backward chaining * Resolution * Knowledge representation * Ontological engineering * Categories and objects * Actions * Simulation and events * Mental events and mental objects. UNIT IV LEARNING 9 Learning from observations * Forms of learning * Inductive learning * Learning decision trees * Ensemble learning * Knowledge in learning * Logical formulation of learning * Explanation based learning * Learning using relevant information * Inductive logic programming * Statistical Learning Methods * Learning with Complete Data * Learning with Hidden Variable * EM Algorithm * Instance Based Learning * Neural Networks * Reinforcement Learning * Passive Reinforcement Learning * Active reinforcement learning * Generalization in reinforcement learning. UNIT V APPLICATIONS 8 Communication * Communication as action * Formal grammar for a fragment of english * Syntactic analysis * Augmented grammars * Semantic interpretation * Ambiguity and disambiguation * Discourse understanding * Grammar Induction * Probabilistic language processing * Probabilistic language models * Information Retrieval * Information extraction * Machine translation.